A Look into the Use of Social Media in Healthcare Essay

In the world today, smartphones are becoming the â€Å"norm†, with basic phones becoming nearly obsolete in recent years. Pairing the overwhelming presence of social media with the rise in usage of smartphones brings to light an entirely new set of problems and challenges regarding patient privacy. According to a 2010 study conducted regarding various boards of nursing, 67% of executive officers surveyed reported receiving complaints about nurses misusing social media (Spector & Kappel, 2012). Incidentally, social media use in healthcare has garnered many positive results as well. One study found that 67% of doctors use social media for professional use, and of their followers, 60% of social media users trust posts by their doctors and 55% of users trust posts by hospitals (Skram, n.d.). However, the question remains, with social media does the good outweigh the bad, and how do hospitals foster the good while impeding the bad? HIPAA Regulations Due to the sensitive nature of the information kept by healthcare providers about their patients, principles were put in place to reduce the risk of breeching patient privacy. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) set national standards and regulations regarding the protection of patients’ privacy and personal health information (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services [HHS], n.d.). Under The Privacy Rule enacted by HIPAA, protection is governed over all,  Ã¢â‚¬ËœIndividually identifiable health information’ [which] is information, including demographic data, that relates to: the individual’s past, present or future physical or mental health or condition, the provision of health care to the individual, or the past, present, or future payment for the  provision of health care to the individual, and that identifies the individual or for which there is a reasonable basis to believe it can be used to identify the individual. (HHS, n.d., p. 2). There are instances outlined in HIPAA that permit a healthcare provider to disclose a patient’s personal health information which include disclosing information to the individual receiving treatment, information for treatment, payment, or healthcare operations, and information for uses and disclosures with opportunity to agree or object, such as in cases in which a patient is incapacitated in the emergency department (HHS, n.d.). Also, disclosure is permitted for incidental use and disclosure and in a limited data set in which all personal identifiers have been removed (HHS, n.d.). Furthermore, personal health information may be disclosed for public interest and benefit activities such as those required by law, those to ensure safety of victims of abuse, information for decedents, information for tissue donation, information for research studies, if there is a serious threat to health or society, and in cases of workers’ compensation (HHS, n.d.). If health information is released in discordance with the rules and regulations set forth by HIPAA, legal action, both civilly and criminally, can be taken against the individual responsible as well as the healthcare organization with which the individual is involved. Advantages of Smartphones and Social Media in Healthcare Smartphones in the healthcare setting can be very useful both for patients and providers. One advantage of smartphones in the healthcare setting is the overwhelming presence of medical applications that can be accessed and downloaded on smartphones (Wyatt & Krauskopf, 2012). Nurses, physicians, and other medical professionals can quickly access a host of medical reference material straight from their smartphones. Several applications are also available that are useful for patients, giving information about chronic conditions, health and wellness, and fitness (Wyatt & Krauskopf, 2012). Many applications such as MyFitnessPal and iFitnessâ„ ¢ are tailored to help individuals keep track of nutritional intake and exercise habits (Wyatt & Krauskopf, 2012). This can be extremely useful for people wanting to make lifestyle changes regarding nutrition and fitness, especially those aiming to lose weight and become healthier overall. Moreover, social media can be very beneficial to patients suffering from chronic conditions as well as their family and friends (Norton & Strauss, 2013). For rare diseases local community support groups may not be available. Social media steps in to fill this void by offering users a variety of different online support groups, blogs, newsletters, and networks. Individuals can use such resources to reach out to others with similar issues, find much needed support during difficult times, and become aware of treatments and medications that worked for others with their same illness that may prompt them to contact their doctor about other possibilities in treatment options. When used properly, smartphones and social media can be very beneficial to healthcare providers and patients. Disadvantages of Smartphones and Social Media in Healthcare Unfortunately, along with the good must come the bad. For every positive aspect of smartphones and social media in healthcare related settings, there is an equally negative aspect. One pitfall of smartphones in healthcare is directly related to one of the positive aspects of smartphones: the availability of medical applications. While the majority of medical applications are produced by reliable sources with accurate, researched information, there are still medical applications in existence that supply untrustworthy and erroneous information. Gagglioi (2012) observes that, â€Å"[medical] apps have not been subject to rigorous testing† (p. 512) the reason for which being, â€Å"that most of these apps reach consumers/patients directly, without passing through the traditional medical gatekeepers† (p. 512). When patients base future interventions on these erroneous applications, such as seeking treatment or using home remedies, there can result harmful and even fatal cons equences. Another undesirable characteristic of smartphone usage in healthcare settings is the tendency of smartphones to be distracting (Gill, Kamath, & Gill, 2012). Smartphone usage can cause a disruption in workflow which can lead to medical errors and negligence. A study in Australia found that of 439 perfusionists surveyed, 49.2% admitted that they had sent text messages while performing a cardiopulmonary bypass (Gill, Kamath, & Gill, 2012). The interference in diligent attention to patient care caused by smartphones can present contamination, infection, and hygiene risks as well as impeding the ability of the healthcare provider to recognize potential complications or downward trends in their patients (Gill, Kamath, & Gill, 2012). In healthcare, even momentary distraction can lead to fatal consequences. Lastly, a huge problem concerning smartphones in healthcare related settings involves the usage of cameras and social media. As seen in the scenario presented, the nurse on duty abused her smartphone and violated HIPAA by sending pictures of her patient to her friend via text message. Privacy is extremely important in healthcare because patients are less apt to share important information with the provider if they fear that the information could be disclosed or disseminated without permission (Spector & Kappel, 2012). Sharing pictures of a patient or any information regarding a patient without express written permission is a direct violation of HIPAA regulations and is therefore subject to the consequences set forth. Since the nurse on duty knowingly violated HIPAA by sending photos to her friend via text message, she should be investigated and penalized. As mentioned above, in a study conducted of boards of nursing, 67% of executives have encountered complaints about nurses regarding social media (Spector & Kappel, 2012). Of those surveyed, all 67% who had complaints took disciplinary action against the responsible party (Spector & Kappel, 2012). Based on the precedent set in the previous study, the hospital should discipline the nurse in the scenario for her inappropriate behavior. Furthermore, the hospital has a legal obligation set forth by national law demanding that disciplinary action be taken when the administration becomes aware of a staff member violating HIPAA policy. Conclusion and Recommendations Based on the information presented about HIPAA rules and regulations, the fourth conclusion is the only choice able to be deemed as ethically and legally appropriate. The fourth conclusion involves an extensive investigation into the HIPAA violation by the hospital, and the implication of legal action being pursued against the responsible party and the hospital. For her unsuitable behavior, the nurse at the very least should  incur a formal investigation and write-up as well as suspension from her duties. The nurse violated HIPAA by sharing individually identifiable health information (HHS, n.d.). Legally, in the case of a violation in which the perpetrator was unknowing and would not have known even by exercising reasonable diligence, the consequence ranges from a $100 to $50,000 fine for each violation, with a maximum fine of $1.5 million for identical provisions within a calendar year (â€Å"Penalties for violating HIPAA†, 2014). However, in the case of the nurse in the scenario, supposed to have extensively learned the encompassment of HIPAA violations previously, the nurse likely would not be considered to be unknowing which would therefore result in more severe consequences. Furthermore, the nurse violated the Code of Ethics for Nurses by violating her patient’s right to privacy. The nurse violated Provision 1 set forth by the Code stating, â€Å"The nurse, in all professional relationships, practices with compassion and the respect for the inherent dignity, worth, and uniqueness of every individual† (Fowler, 2010). More specifically, she violated Section 1 of Provision 1 regarding respect for human dignity (Fowler, 2010). The nurse also violated Provision 3 of the Code of Ethics which states, â€Å"The nurse promotes, advocates for, and strives to protect the health, safety, and rights of the patient† (Fowler, 2010). Section 1 of Provision 3 regards privacy and Section 2 of Provision 3 regards confidentiality, both of which the nurse dishonored by sending a picture of her patient without his knowledge (Fowler, 2010). The nurse in the scenario not on violated the law regarding HIPAA, she also violated the Code of Ethics for Nurses set forth by the American Nurses Association. In all respects, what the nurse did was ethically, morally, and legally wrong. A lot can be learned from this assignment. It is clear that the use of smartphones and social media needs to be monitored carefully by nurses and other healthcare professionals. Any impropriety in patient privacy with smartphones or social media can become widespread and far-reaching in a matter of minutes. What seems small at the moment can turn into a huge ordeal involving investigations, legal implications, fines, and civil lawsuits. For that reason it is of the utmost importance to be diligent in  considering patient privacy and HIPAA before any post made to social media or any text message sent. References Fowler, M. D. (2010). Guide to the code of ethics for nurses: interpretation and application. Silver Spring, MD: American Nurses Association. Gaggioli, A. (2012). CyberSightings. Cyberpsychology, Behavior & Social Networking, 15(9), 512-513. doi:10.1089/cyber.2012.1555 Gill P.S., Kamath A., & Gill T.S. (2012). Distraction: an assessment of smartphone usage in health care work settings. Risk Manage Healthcare Policy 5(9), 105–114. doi: 10.2147/RMHP.S34813 Norton, A., & Strauss, L. J. (2013). Social media and health care – The pros and the cons. Journal Of Health Care Compliance, 15(1), 49-51. Retrieved from: http://web.b.ebscohost.com.proxy.devry.edu/ehost/detail/detail?sid=b614377483634d2d-b65e946988e5d7ea%40sessionmgr114&vid=36&hid=126&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=heh&AN=85287334 Perkins, N.L., & Theis, A.R. (2011). HIPAA and social networking sites: A legal minefield for employers. Retrieved from: http://www.aao.org/yo/newsletter/201201/article02.cfm Skram, T. (n.d.) 11 health care social media stats to turn heads. Retrieved from: http://whprms.org/11-health-care-social-media-stats-to-turn-heads/ Spector, N., & Kappel D. M. (2012). Guidelines for using electronic and social media: The regulatory perspective. Retrieved from: http://www.nursingworld.org/MainMenuCategories/ANAMarketplace/ANAPeriodicals/OJIN/TableofContents/Vol-17-2012/No3-Sept-2012/Guidelines-for-Electronic-and-Social-Media.html U.S Departments of Health and Human Services. (n.d.) Summary of the HIPAA Privacy Rule. Retrieved from: http://www.hhs.gov/ocr/privacy/hipaa/understanding/summary/index.html What are the penalties for violating HIPAA? (2014). Retrieved from: https://kb.iu.edu/d/ayzf Wyatt, T. & Krauskopf, P. (2012). E-health and nursing: Using smartphones to enhance nursing practice. Online Journal of Nursing Informatics, 16(2), 10-14. Retrieved from: http://web.b.ebscohost.com.proxy.devry.edu/ehost/detail/detail?sid=b6143774-8363-4d2db65e946988e5d7ea%40sessionmgr11 4&vid=23&hid=126&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=rzh&AN=2011651618

Analysis of Dickens’ Description of Fog In London in Great Expectations Essay

Dickens uses repetition of the word â€Å"fog† throughout this passage. The use of the repetition helps reinforces and emphasises how foggy it is, constantly reminding the reader of the peculiar weather. It also conveys the idea that it isn’t just a normal foggy day but a day with fog so peculiar and heavy that you have to repeat it several times to portray the idea of a heavy, unusual fogbound city. It is constantly repeated to remind us of how thick and strange it is. Usually fog isn’t particularly interesting to be repeated so many times.H e emphasise and focus is put on the fog to try and express and give an impression of an unusual and intense foggy atmosphere to the reader. Dickens also uses various prepositions in this passage.For example he uses prepositions in this quotes : â€Å"Fog up the river† ; † fog down the river† ; † fog on the Essex marshes†; â€Å"fog in the stem and bowl† ; â€Å"fog wheezing by†. The uses of these various prepositions help emphasise and convey the fact that fog is indeed everywhere (â€Å"fog everywhere†). In and out, up and down,quite literally everywhere which makes the reader vividly picture all London covered in heavy thick fog. Another way Dickens uses language to convey the idea of a fog bound London is through the technique personification. â€Å"Fog creeping in†, â€Å"fog cruelly pinching toes and fingers†, â€Å"fog wheezing by†. The use of personification brings the fog to life. The adverb â€Å"creepily† conveys an idea of the fog being a mysterious, sinister but yet eerily quiet being. â€Å"Cruelly pinching toes†, by using this personification it links to the idea that the fog is a sinister, sly being. The adjective â€Å"cruelly†, portrays the fog as a brutal, wicked person, it shows no remorse even though he if pinching † of a shivering little ‘prentice boy†. It shows the reader the force and greatness of the fog (even though it is serene and quiet as implied by the word â€Å"creeping†) which connects to the intensity and strength of the fog as mentioned before- creating an impression of a fog bound city. This contrasts against our normal impression of fog as a misty, subtle delicate weather but transforms this idea into a great menacing bully in the form of a mysterious fog. the phrase † wheezing by could make the fog seem like acranky old man, creeping in and out preying on young children. pinching, creeping,cruelly all have negative connotations portraying the fog as an evil dark being.

Financial Markets and Institutions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Financial Markets and Institutions - Essay Example A number of investors had seen these signs as warnings for the development of the crisis situation. Based on these signs, some of the investors had predicted that the tremendous growth of the US economy was a temporary phenomenon and the US economy was ultimately going to collapse (Connolly and Wall, 2011). Several researches have been conducted since then, and are being continued still now, regarding the causes and the warnings of the crisis. Several leaders belonging to different countries have predicted the inevitable collapse of the economy of United States. However, some of the leaders made legitimate and confident forewords about the critical elements within the economy’s financial structure and the extent of dire consequences that the economy was going to face in the near future (McDonnell and Burgess, 2013). Several logical analyses were made on the facts and data that were collected from the-then economic and financial condition of the economy. A considerably large fr action of investors, including buyers of private homes, received credible warnings about the occurrence of a housing bubble. According to some researchers and market observers, the root to this crisis lied in the policies and regulations developed by the Federal Reserve. Additionally, many of the investors ignored these messages received and did not make any changes in their course of action. Banks were also bound by the need to meet the credit needs of local investors. This policy forced the â€Å"banks to make subprime loans† (Gramm and Solon, 2013). Bank authorities transferred this pressure to the banking personnel and regulators to make more loans of the subprime category. The banks performance was measured on the basis of the loans that they were able to extend to the investors (Wang, Ali, and Al-Akra, 2013). In this process, the issue of credibility of the investors was ignored. The quota to provide affordable housing loans was fixed at 30 percent in the year 1993 (Gra mm and Solon, 2013). This was made during the era of President Bill Clinton of the USA. Within three years this quota was increased to 40 percent. The quota further increased within a few years and reached the target of 50 percent by 2000. At that point of time, the administration of President George W. Bush took control of the American economy. Under his control the affordable housing loan goals were increased further. Documents from that period of time reveal that â€Å"these quotas were promoting irresponsible policy† (Gramm and Solon, 2013). The risks involved in these subprime loans were severely high as due to lack of credibility check a large proportion of the borrowers would be found to be defaulters. According to some sources, researchers claim that as high as 28 million high risk loans were provided to borrowers. Although the safety enforcement laws advised the banks to reduce high loans, there existed conflicting regulations regarding the promotion of affordable ho using loans. Thus, the safety and soundness measures were ineffective in restraining the pattern of loan giving, conflicting laws regarding providing housing credit

Historical Development Matrix Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Historical Development Matrix - Essay Example e Organizations (JCAHO): It is a private non-profit organization established in 1951 with specific focus on initiating accreditation process of hospitals and healthcare services. It approved specific risk management standard in 1989. The standards ensured both service quality and patient care. In addition to the approval of standards, American Society for Healthcare Risk Management (ASHRM) was established and later collaborated with JCAHO’s sentinel event policy and on patient safety standards (Jcaho, 2004, p.3). 3. Medicare & Medicaid Act (1965): This act ensured the protection of public rights on the accessibility of quality healthcare. It extended health coverage to all citizens above 65; and ensured healthcare services to disabled individuals, blinds, and low-income class children. 4. Hill-Burton Act (1948): in fact, this was the commencement of regulations on healthcare that insisted the idea of community service obligation (Taylor R J & Taylor S B, 1994, p.542). It was followed by a number of regulations on risk management and quality improvement in healthcare services in the United States. 5. Medical Device Amendments (1976): the amendments insisted the avoidance of medical errors. It also ensured the safety of food, drugs, and cosmetics by giving authority to the US food and Drug Administration (FDA). It clearly defines the standards of food coloring and drug additives to ensure the protection of patients from deliberate medical malpractices (Dyro, 2004, p. 235). 6. Health Insurance Portability & Accountability Act (1996): since the enactment of this law the organizational documentation was enhanced or made mandatory in healthcare organizations (Marcinko, 2005, p.90). It also led to the widespread use of electronic devices for the healthcare transactions. In addition, the law insisted the insurance protection to workers and their families. 7. Federal Medicaid Regulations (2003): the 2003 regulations were the further improvements on the existing

School of Nursing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

School of Nursing - Essay Example I feel that there would be plenty of opportunities for me after I earn a degree in nursing. I also think that this profession is very rewarding. Besides the fact that this would give me financial stability, being a nurse would give me an opportunity to practice a profession that focuses mainly on the well being of other people. Five years from now, I see myself practicing this career on a full-time basis and in one of the big hospitals in Florida. As mentioned above, I am currently involved in doing health care as a Nursing Assistant. By taking up Nursing, I would be moving up one step further to being able to be of service in the field of medicine and health care. I feel that this is a job that I would truly enjoy doing for a long time. Ten years from now, I see myself still continuing this profession and perhaps, looking forward to the  studying a particular area of specialization. I am aware that this field continues to evolve with the discovery of new diseases and medicines. Wi th this knowledge, I wish to further pursue post graduate studies so that I would continue to be competitive and qualified to provide nursing services. My admission into the Seminole Community College’s basic nursing program serves as a great challenge for me. My performance as a student under this program would determine if I would be qualified to further participate in SCC’s.My admission into Seminole Community College’s basic nursing program serves as a great challenge for me.

Jurisdiction In The Case Of a Bank About To Enter Into a Loan Essay

Jurisdiction In The Case Of a Bank About To Enter Into a Loan Agreement with A Foreign Company - Essay Example This paper illustrates that the agreement as to which country shall have jurisdiction of the contract should be clearly stated therein to avoid the ambiguity of the provisions. Under the recent ruling of Marconi Communications International Limited v PT Pan Indonesia Bank Limited TBK (2005) AER (D) 389, the Court of Appeals dealt with the jurisdiction of the letter of credit. Under this contract, it was specifically stated that the governing law would be English law. However, there was a provision in the contract itself, which gave an indication for confirmation of the letters of credit. The conflict now in this case is in the interpretation of the contract as to whether or not Article 4(2)3 of the Convention would apply since although the forum specifically chose by the parties in England, the perfection of the contract is more closely connected with the other country which is Indonesia as the confirming bank is located in that country. Another argument presented in this case is the application of Article 4(5)4. Now, therefore, the court has to resolve whether or not to use Article 4(5) and disregard Article 4(2). In its resolution, the Court ruled that Article 4(5) should apply therefore the law of England should be the governing law as provided for in the contract. Most interesting in this case is the Court’s recommendations that â€Å"the same system of law should govern the co-existing contracts between (a) the issuing bank and the beneficiary, (b) the confirming bank and the beneficiary and (c) the issuing bank and the confirming bank.

Write a critical article on a recently complete building Essay

Write a critical article on a recently complete building - Essay Example A prime example of this is the new Brighton Jubilee Library, completed in 2005, which represents a culmination of ideas and concepts that speak eloquently of its position and use in society as well as illustrating several of the concerns the modern world is facing regarding the use and construction of a facility such as this. Public reaction to the building has been strongly favorable on many different fronts as the building serves a great number of practical and aesthetic needs while remaining an accurate representation of contemporary times. Thanks to the complexity of its design, the building is capable of communicating its ideas in a variety of ways that can be interpreted differently depending upon the viewer. Its very construction illustrates the materials of which it is made and showcases them at their greatest strength. Although the building can, and has, been interpreted from many angles, including its presence as an artful piece of architecture in the modern world, the Brig hton library can be seen as a shining example of modern engineering in its use of new materials and up-to-date technology as well as demonstrating the role of politics in architecture in the various ways in which the building has been designed for user participation. In considering these roles – architecture as engineering and politics in architecture – it is important to understand not only how the building itself demonstrates these concepts, but also some of the background information and key thoughts regarding these ideas. Architecture as engineering actually grew out of the philosophy of the mind, in which the evolution of thought and the proper approach to science was speculated upon. This process started with medieval thought into the various processes of nature, both outward and inward. Copernicus made the startling revelation that the sun was the real center of the known universe while

Problems in our life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Problems in our life - Essay Example All the people face problems in their lives. For most of them, we quickly reach a solution and get out of them without having much trouble. We either reach a strategy or a quick solution that we may have tried in past. Howe ever, many problems become more difficult and vigorous when there exist no clear solutions and the strategies that we may have tried in the past do not work any longer (Anxiety BC, 2012). In return, such problems may become a cause of great anxiety and stress and may also need different and new strategies to be formulated. It is said by Bob Maynard says, â€Å"Problems are opportunities in disguise.† and this quote applies to almost all kinds of challenges and problems occurring in our lives. If we approach them with the attitude quoted by Maynard, we will discover the same problems becoming the opportunities for the learning of ourselves about us and others. In this manner, we can lead more fulfilling and happier lives even in the presence of such problems . Sorrows, happiness, defeat, victory and various such dynamics are the several aspects of life. In teh same ways, many emotions such as pleasure, success, and comfort are actually punctuated by problems such as defeat, misery, and failures. Thus, struggle and compromises are the primary tools to live a challenging yet winning life. In my viewpoint, teh problems of life can be easily categorized into personal, professional and social problems. Personal problems pertain to the challenges, mishaps, misunderstandings and other incidents taking place in the personal lives of individuals. Professional problems can take the shape of such happenings that take place at workplace or jobs; while, the social problems are those tensions that occur within a group of friends, peers and in social gatherings. All these problems, though take up a major part and significant

Paraphrasing an Introduction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Paraphrasing an Introduction - Essay Example Before printing technology was invented, authors used to write their manuscripts manually. It is straightforward that it involved a lot of time and money to handwrite books and other materials. As such, the role of printing technology is obvious: spread of knowledge and literature to the whole world. This is as a result number of books increased number of books and other educational materials. Apart from advancing the field of knowledge and information, printing has also lead to conveyance of religious thoughts, magazines, and other domain areas. In Qatar, for example, there is a large numerous leading printing companies that are established primarily to provide high quality goods and services to the customer. In addition, these companies are instrumental in manufacturing high quality goods and offering good terms of sale that include prices and expeditious delivery. These companies have developed a culture of healthy competition and hence growth. As it has been aforementioned, printing technology has provided a comparative backbone to communication. It is estimated that apart from spoken word, written communication tops the list of the most used mode of communication. As such, Industrial and System Engineering require to lay a lot of emphasis in ensuring that written communication has its rightful place in the society. Apart from many positive impacts that the printing has caused to our societies, there are a few shortcoming of printing that require to be addressed. Most important is that Printing press setups generate waste. In this case, they pollute our environment and as such, they infringe the economics and safety principles in our society. In addition, the printing industry has been accused of violating the principles of work method and process flow management as processes are taking place with several non-value adding activities and without ensuring that the welfare workers is taken care of. To correct the above-mentioned shortcomings, the

TELEVISION COMMERCIAL ANALYSIS (Film & Television) Essay

TELEVISION COMMERCIAL ANALYSIS (Film & Television) - Essay Example Because advertisers are trying to gain the attention of their target consumer group, they work hard to depict the ideals of the society. If young and slim is attractive, they will work that into their presentation in as many ways as they can. If macho and hard is the current fashion, this, too, will be reflected in the way a product is marketed. At the same time, by changing the way they combine different types of visual clues, these same media outlets can help to redefine a culture, to make it more tolerant of ecological issues, for example, or to change the way a society views gender roles. A national advertisement for Apple computers demonstrates how commercials can even compare two comparable products while still sending a message that places particular emphasis on identity values. The commercial features two men standing in an empty white room. There are no other colors, no walls and no distractions from these two guys. One introduces himself as a Mac computer and the other introduces himself as a PC. The one claiming to be a PC is dancing, causing the Mac guy to notice his I-pod music player. This starts a conversation about how the I-pod works seamlessly with PC’s I-tunes and brings out some helpful suggestions from Mac regarding I-movie, I-photo and I-web, which all, apparently, come with Mac in a specialized package called I-life designed to make the Mac owner’s life more entertainment friendly, accessible and usable. This sets up the disparity between the two machines as PC starts listing the cool features that come in his package, including a calculator and a clock, delivered with as much pride and self-importance as he can muster. Mac provides PC with the opportunity to list more cool user-friendly features with the simple questions †Å"What have you got?† and â€Å"Anything else?† These questions are very carefully delivered in a friendly, conversational tone that eliminates

Using Daniel Keyes, Flowers for Algernon Essay Example for Free

Using Daniel Keyes, Flowers for Algernon Essay Many feel that the mentally challenged are put through the many hardships of prejudice and maltreatment by people who lack the knowledge and understanding of their mental conditions. Usually what people dont know about, they consider strange or awkward and this is the case with the hardships of the mentally challenged. Prejudice, maltreatment and ignorance towards the mentally challenged are illustrated by the novel, Flowers for Algernon. In Flowers for Algernon, Charlie Gordon, being mentally challenged, goes through many experiences when he is pre judged by many people, especially those who claim to be his friends. These friends of his have the wrong ideas and wrong views when it comes to the mentally challenged. They believe that if an amputee has no limb then maybe a retard has no brain, which is completely irrelevant. Joe Carp said hey look Charlie had his operashun what did they do Charlie put some brains in (Keyes, 16) Just because someone is mentally challenged is no reason for believing that they are not capable of learning or doing anything and that is exactly what his friends and many others did to Charlie. I asked Joe Carp how he lerned to read and if I could lern to read to. He laffed like he always done when I said something funny and he says to me Charlie why waste your time they cant put any branes in where there aint none. (Keyes, 19) The hardships of prejudice that are faced by Charlie in his retarded state later change the way he looks at the world in general. Along with prejudice, Charlie, was also maltreated by his so-called friends and many other people, including his own mother. Rose, Charlies mother, wanted so much for Charlie to learn and become somebody in life and she did not want to accept that he was mentally challenged. This was not really helping him much. He is afraid to go there alone. He reaches up to her hand and sobs out: Toi-toi and she slaps his hand away. (Keyes, 55) Charlie was not only subjected to physical abuse and maltreatment but he also received emotional maltreatment from the people at the bakery by allowing Charlie to believe that he is one of their friends, but really is not treated as a friend should and is instead treated as the subject of their jokes. Then Frank Reilly said what did you do Charlie open a door the hard way. That made me laff. Their my friends and they really like me. (Keyes, 16) Maybe if Charlies mother and his fellow workers knew more about his conditions, then there may have been less maltreatment and abuse toward him. Maybe if everyone knew more about the conditions of the mentally challenged, then there may have been less subjection, for Charlie and other retarded people, to the many hardships the exist. It dont mean nothing, laughed Frank. It dont hurt him. He dont know any better. Do you, Charlie? (Keyes 42) Even his own mother did not really make much of an attempt at learning more about her sons conditions. She did not even want to see the truth of Charlies problems and thought that if he cannot do it, she had the right to disregard him. go to the washroom. Go by yourself. You know how to go. Cant you see he wants you to take him. (Keyes 53) At times she even tried to beat knowledge into him but instead of learning whatever it was his mother was teaching him, he was emotionally scarred. Its a pity to imagine that this could be happening anywhere and that it may not just be a story. In Conclusion, Flowers for Algernon helps demonstrate how the mentally challenged are judged and treated badly because of the lack of knowledge people have of them. The prejudice Charlie faces is mainly caused by is caused by ignorance people have of his conditions which eventually leads to his maltreatment. All people should take some time to think and learn more about what is happening and being done to make mentally challenged people go through the many hardships they go through.

Chichén Itzá in Mexico

Chichà ©n Itzà ¡ in Mexico Introduction The sacred Mayan city of Chichà ©n Itzà ¡ is located in the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico, about 50 miles inland from the Caribbean Coastline and about 100 miles south of Cancun, Mexico. Even though there are other ancient ruins in Mexico, Chichà ©n Itzà ¡ is the second most visited site in this country, predominantly due to the structures like the Great Ballcourt, El Castillo and El Caracol. These phenomenal structures demonstrate the tremendous intelligence of the Mayans as well as how their lifestyle was affected greatly by astronomical events. The Mayans built seven ballcourts in Chichà ©n Itzà ¡ for playing the Mesoamerican ball game. The most notable is the Great Ballcourt which is the largest in the Mayan world, with the dimensions of about 503 feet in length, 97.5 feet in width and each side wall was almost 30 feet in height. The way that they designed this ballcourt was so acoustically sound, that a person standing at one end can hear a whisper from a person standing at th e other end about 443 feet away. The game itself was played with two teams and each player had the opportunity to hit the ball with their hips, wrists and/or elbows in order to put the ball through a vertical stone ring on either side of the court to score points. The team with the most points at the end of the game would be announced the winner. While the Mayans enjoyed playing the ball game, there were some dire consequences. At the end of each game, it is believed that the captain of the winning team would offer himself to be decapitated to the captain of the losing team. It seems a little strange that the winner would be the one to be sacrificed, but the Mayans considered this to be a great honor. Summary The most well known structure at Chichà ©n Itzà ¡ is the temple of Kukulkan, which is also called El Castillo. The pyramid is made out of limestone blocks and towers 75 feet above the ground with a base of about 181 feet on each of its four sides. There are nine platforms on each side of the pyramid and four stairways which lead to the Upper Temple. It is thought that the Upper Temple was used to conduct the most important ceremonies by the Mayan rulers. The construction of El Castillo demonstrates the Mayans knowledge and use of astronomy. It is believed that the Mayans used various shadows and designs formed by the sun shining on the Pyramid to signal the beginning and ending of the harvest season. During the spring and fall equinox around 3pm, the sun would cast an amazing shadow on the North stairway. When the suns rays would hit the Northwest corner of the pyramid it would cause seven triangles to form a shadow of a serpents body that slowly moved downward until it joined up w ith a large serpents head carved of stone at the bottom of the stairway. The Mayans also designed El Castillo as a physical calendar. Each stairway consists of 91 steps at a 45 degree angle on each of the four sides of the temple, which equals 364 and when you count the top platform, it is believed to represent 365 days in a year. In addition to the serpents head at the base of the north stairway, there are serpent heads at the bottom of each of the other three stairways as well. It is truly amazing how much the Mayans knew and how accurately they built El Castillo to monitor their astronomical events. Another beautiful structure at Chichà ©n Itzà ¡ with a lot of significance is El Caracol, sometimes referred to as the Observatory. El Caracol is a dome that was erected on top of a large platform so that the Mayans could observe the motions of Venus as well as the equinoxes and solstices through its many windows. This information directed the Mayan way of life. Conclusion The Mayans strategically placed the windows in the dome so that they could follow the motions of Venus. The Mayan leaders would use the changing positions of Venus to make their decisions on whether or not to engage in battle since it is believed that Venus was a war god. Venus positions would repeat exactly every 8 years, and this would have been very beneficial to the Mayans since they used natural cycles to keep track of time. When Venus is at its most northern extreme position, it lines up with the Grand Stairway in front of El Caracol. Furthermore, the northeast and the southwest corners of the platform line up with the summer and winter solstice. This intentional set-up further aided the Mayans in keeping track of time over the extended periods of the cycle of Venus. Chichà ©n Itzà ¡ is one of the New 7 Wonders of the World that would be an enjoyable experience. Even though there are other ancient ruins in Mexico, Chichà ©n Itzà ¡ is the second most visited site in this cou ntry, predominantly due to the structures like the Great Ballcourt, El Castillo and El Caracol. A visit to Chichà ©n Itzà ¡ will give you a better understanding of the Mayan rituals through their ball games. Furthermore you will be amazed at how the structures of El Castillo and El Caracol aided the Mayans in keeping track of time by using astronomical events. Chichà ©n Itzà ¡ is undoubtedly one of the most astonishing places to visit in Mexico.

Causes And Effects Of Drought Stress Environmental Sciences Essay

Causes And Effects Of Drought Stress Environmental Sciences Essay Drought can be defined as the absence of rainfall and water or irrigation for a period of time sufficient to deplete soil moisture and injure plants (Plantlifeonline.net, 2007). In short, drought is a period of time without rainfall. The drought is one of the most serious global issues for agriculture field and need to harsh precaution need to be taken immediately. Four-tenths of the worlds agricultural land lies in arid or semi-arid regions especially in Africa. Meanwhile, drought stress is defined as effects of some period of plants that involve plant water relationships. According to Farooq et al. (2008) drought stress reduces and decreases the size of plants leaf, extension of stem and proliferation of roots that disturbs plant water relations and reduces water-use efficiency. While ForestryNepal(n.d.) defined that drought stress occurs when the available water in the soil is reduced and  atmospheric conditions cause continuous loss of water by transpiration or  evaporation. Drought stress tolerance can be found in almost all plants but its extent varies  from species to species and even within species. It is characterized by  reduction of water content, diminished leaf water potential and turgor loss, closure,  nutrient metabolism and growth promoters. Plants display a variety of physiological and biochemical responses at cellular and whole organism levels towards prevailing drought stress, thus making it a complex phenomenon. Based on Bishop(n.d) report, many variables play a part in reaching drought conditions, these include lack of natural rainfall, types of soil, air temperature, humidity, conditions of wind, exposure of sun, and also plant type or root depth that increase pant water loss. Drought stress can affect the growth of plants in various ways. One of the effects is the priming on seed performance of several plants due to lack of natural rainfall. For example of plant that can be affected from this problem is Canola plant (Brassica napus L.). Based on the report of Mohammadi and Amiri(2010) , Canola plant is one of the most important oil seed crops which its production has been notably extended during recent years in Iran and due to lack of rainfall at planting time and the seeds are common planted in seedbeds having unfavorable moisture. The drought stress is responsible for both inhibition and delayed seed germination and seedling establishment of Canola. Consequently, this stress adversely affects growth and development of crop and also results into low Canola yield. There is a decrease in water uptake both during imbibition and seedling establishment under this stress condition. Tutorvista(n.d.) stated that imbibitions process is the phenomenon of adsorption of water by the solid particles of a substance without forming a solution. Furthermore, inhibition of radicle also occurs due to the effect of stress condition. The inhibition emergence is mainly because of a decrease in water potential gradient between the external environment and the seeds. In addition, the seed priming has been successfully proved and demonstrated to improve germination and emergence in seeds of many crops and plants, especially under stress conditions. The seed priming is a technique that starts the germination process in the lab or plant. Moreover, the basic chemical reactions or framework for the seed to germinate and for the process to occur efficiently in the lab or plant, high moisture and ideal temperature condition are needed (Hariss, n.d.). Secondly is that the drought stress can affects the photosynthetic rate and leaf gas exchange of plants. Siddique et al. (1998) reported that, drought stress effects on photosynthetic rate and leaf gas exchange characteristics. The experiment had been done to four wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars which were evaluated under semi-controlled conditions. According to Siddiques observation, four cultivars which were Kanchan, Sonalika, Kalyansona, and C306, grown in pots and were subjected to four levels of water stress. However, cultivars that showed the highest photosynthesis rates both at vegetative and at anthesis among others is the Kalyansona. They had concluded that the exposure of plants to drought stress led to noticeable decrease in photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance and mesophyll conductance and a concomitant increase in intercellular CO2 concentration. The plants that were subjected to drought at the early vegetative stage displayed similar physiological characters subsequently under well-watered conditions as compared with control. Therefore, the photosynthesis rates decreased with decrease in stomatal conductance, but a weak relationship between them implied that non-stomatal limitations to photosynthesis might have been in operation. The involvement of CO2 concentration and assimilation was described in Farooq et al. (2008) report. The CO2  assimilation by the leaves is reduced mainly by the closure of the stomata, damaged the membrane and disturbed activity of various enzymes in the plants, especially those of O2  fixation and adenosine triphosphate(ATP) synthesis. Moreover, the enhancement of metabolite flux through the photorespiratory pathway had increased the oxidative load on the tissues as both processes generate reactive oxygen species. The damage and injury caused by reactive oxygen species to biological macromolecules under drought stress is among the major deterrents to growth.

The Princess Bride Screenplay Essay examples -- William Goldman essays

William Goldman made a number of changes in the development of The Princess Bride screenplay. The changes Goldman were not subtle, because when you transform a book into a movie there are major adaptations that must be made for a movie to be successful. The changes may affect the quality of the movie in comparison to the novel. This report is going explain the three most significant changes and how these affected our view and appreciation of the story. The most significant difference between the book and the movie, was that the narrative parts of the book which display the character's thoughts were removed. The book describes what the characters where feeling and thinking, which brought us closer to them. When we know what the character feels and thinks, the story becomes a three-dimens...

measure for measure notes Essay -- essays research papers

Act II, Scene 1 To no avail, Escalus pleads with an adamant Angelo to have pity on the life of Claudio. Angelo does not really consider Claudio's crime to be something major, but he is intent on carrying out the "measure of the law" and to be strict with all offenders who break the law. As a result, he orders Claudio to be executed the next morning. Escalus is grieved over Claudio's fate, but is helpless to stop the execution. Elbow, a constable, enters with Froth and Pompey in custody, both guilty of immoral acts. When Escalus questions them about their crimes, they give long and ridiculous answers. Angelo, disgusted with their chatter, asks Escalus to settle the case and leaves the place. Although Escalus is dismayed by the steady decay of established social standard, he dismisses Froth and Pompey with a warning; he tells them that if they are again arrested for immoral activities, their punishment will be severe. Notes Angelo is adamant in enforcing the law to the letter, and, therefore, plans the execution of Claudio. When Escalus pleads for mercy for Claudio and tries to reason with him, saying that anyone, even Angelo himself could have committed the crime, Angelo argues and says, "It is one thing to be tempted, Escalus, another thing to fall." It is ironic that later in the play Angelo is tempted and commits the same crime, proving his total hypocrisy. Escalus serves as a foil to Angelo. Escalus is older, wiser, and merciful. On the other hand, Angelo is young and relentless. He wants to follow his orders to restore dignity to the City, and he is determined to carry out the law with great strictness, assigning punishment equally no matter the circumstances. It is obvious that he is using Claudio to set an example for all others involved in immoral activities. He plans to execute Claudio for having fathered an illegitimate child. Ironically, in the same scene, Escalus dismisses the charges against Froth and Pompey with only a warning, yet both of them are truly guilty of immoral behavior. Elbow, Froth, and Pompey are representatives of the lower class of society in contrast to Escalus and Angelo. The entry of the three men provides comic relief to the scene. Elbow, in his mission as a serious constable, uses highbrow language, which is filled with malapropisms. Instead of saying `malefactors,' he says `benefactors,' and he say... ...ave been chosen with careful references to the main theme. Thus, Isabella stands for saintly purity; Angelo stands for self- righteousness; the Duke represents a psychologically sound and enlightened ethic; Lucio represents indecent wit; and Pompey and Mistress Overdone symbolize professional immorality. Each character, therefore, illumines some facet of man's morality or immorality; and the play strives to define what is moral and just. The entire atmosphere of the play is one of religious and critical morality. In the beginning of the play, Isabella is a novice at St. Clare. The Duke disguises himself as a Friar, exercising the divine privileges of this office towards Juliet, Barnardine, Claudio, and Pompey. In fact, the Central idea of Measure for Measure can easily be stated in Christian terms: "And forgive us our debts as we forgive our debtors." Since Angelo is not a conscious hypocrite, it is easier to forgive even him. Self-deception and pride drive him. When desire for Isabella overcomes him, Angelo even struggles against it and prays to heaven. Since he is weak, the struggle is short-lived; Angelo soon gives in to his desires and becomes an utter scoundrel.

Third World Socialism Essay -- Socialism Socialists Governmental Essay

Third World Socialism Many United States citizens are frightened by the word Socialism. However, the predominant ideology in most Third World countries is socialism. There are many reasons why Third World countries have turned to socialism as their form of government. The main reason the Third World has taken on the concept of socialism is because of the history of feudalism and colonialism that these countries faced for so many years. Socialism was seen as a way to reform the land of many underdeveloped countries. Socialism believes the government needs to intervene to make sure no feudalism or unjust land ownership systems are being enforced. For many years, Third World countries were being exploited by the British. Many of these countries were rich in natural resources, but were unable to make a profit off of it. Instead, the British were living in these countries, owning most of the land, running the laws and government, and making most of the profits from these natural resources. In the case of Egypt, the British took advantage of the Egyptians through Feudalism. Feudalism is a form of colonialism that asserts control over a previously independent region. Under Feudalism, most of the land was owned by wealthy, British landlords. Two percent of the people owned seventy five percent of the land. The rest of the population worked on the land as surfs. Feudalism in Egypt also practiced the Capitulation System. This system exempted non-Egyptians from the Egyptian law. This meant that if a non-Egyptian killed an Egyptian they would not be arrested or held accountable. Feudalism allowed the British to exploit the Egyptian's. Because of Feudalism, the Egyptians lost their culture and their history. Since Third World countr... ...f frowning from other countries when it comes to socialism, people should realize the reason why the Third World adopted this system. For so many years, Third World countries were exploited under colonialism by the Europeans. Third world countries, not only lost most of their natural resources, but they also lost their identity, culture, and civilization. Since these countries were exploited so much under capitalistic systems, it is no wonder that they turn to socialism. Socialism offers Third World countries an opportunity to change their economy around. It allows the poor to have chances that they never had before. So even though it is easy to sometimes frown upon Third World socialism, people should realize that socialism has provided small stepping stones towards abolishing systems of exploitation. It has also helped these countries to progress towards freedom.

Explore the similarities and differences Essay

Shakespeare’s original Hamlet was written in text, however Kenneth Branagh created a film version of the play as did Franco Zeffirelli. Firstly there are many advantages that film productions have over plays written in text only. For example, Shakespeare’s Hamlet cannot portray certain visual elements that can be vital in the understanding of a play – but film has that advantage and therefore can add such details as settings, characters and their costumes and body language. Even the way that a line is spoken can make a big difference in its portrayal to the audience. For example in Branagh’s version of Hamlet, whilst talking about the ghost he pauses before he says the word, â€Å"apparition,† which gives the impression he is confused as to how he will describe the spirit seen of King Hamlet. Film can use music in the background to suit the mood of the particular scene. For example in the opening scene of Hamlet by Branagh there is much imagery created even before any dialogue is used. There is an imposing view of the Kings castle at night whilst ghostly bells toll the midnight hour and you hear the crunching footsteps of Francisco guarding the gates. Just these few devices mixed together instantly create an atmosphere that cannot be recognised so easily in Shakespeare’s Hamlet. Instead, â€Å"Who’s there? † Barnado says. Starting off with a question like this immediately sets a mood of apprehension that Branagh captures when Barnado jumps on top of Francisco whilst shouting â€Å"Who’s there? † Also Shakespeare’s broken and short dialogue creates unease and confusion adding to the dark atmosphere. For example the first six lines are short and seem anxious and nervous – â€Å"Who’s there? / Nay, answer me. Stand and unfold yourself. / Long live the King! / Barnado? / He. / You come most carefully upon your hour. † Both Shakespeare’s and Branagh’s Hamlet are different in the way Branagh’s is in the format of film and Shakespeare’s is only text. However they are very similar in the way they both create a dark, corrupt atmosphere – Branagh with his dramatic imagery and Shakespeare with his broken, short dialogue. Also with Shakespeare’s Hamlet, Francisco says, â€Å"‘Tis bitter cold, and I am sick at heart,† just this single sentence adds to the atmosphere that something is seriously wrong in a very evil way. Another way in which Branagh used dramatic imagery – when the ghost appears for the first time in front of the men. The ghost is the image of the King in full battle armour floating towards them with dramatic music in the background. This imagery is clearly something that cannot easily be drawn from Shakespeare’s text on its own. A similarity between both Shakespeare’s and Branagh’s Hamlet is that Branagh’s version stays extremely faithful to the text in the original Hamlet by Shakespeare. For example, just after Horatio sees the ghost of old Hamlet he goes on at great detail about the ghost’s appearance as an omen of trouble brewing for Denmark – quite a long section of dialogue. However, Branagh’s film doesn’t cut out a single word and keeps the dialogue identical to the original text by Shakespeare. Zeffirelli’s Hamlet cuts out the whole of the original ghost scene completely substituting it with the funeral of old King Hamlet with emphasis on the King’s death rather than the ghost appearing. In this respect it loses a lot of the atmospheric effect that Branagh’s version creates. Hamlet should be portrayed in a dark, evil way to start off the play that Branagh’s does successfully. However, with Zeffirelli’s version there is no way of knowing that an evil deed has been done or that there is any corruption, guilt or suspicion of any kind. All you note is the negativity of the Kings funeral. Although both films’ opening scenes are very different in many ways they are both similar in another way. They both start with a negative theme. Branagh’s version shows the dead King Hamlet’s ghost haunting the troubled minds of the guards and this reinforces the sense of evil captured that night. Zeffirelli’s version shows the great castle and all the knights wearing black for the King’s funeral while Hamlet’s mother hysterically weeps over the still body of the King. Therefore in this way they are very similar. Another big difference is the running time of both films. Branagh’s film’s running time is 232 minutes, which is a long time compared to just 130 minutes of Zeffirelli’s version of Hamlet. This difference accounts for the fact that Zeffirelli cut out a great deal of the original Shakespearean text whereas Branagh included almost all of it in the entire film.

All Agreements Are Contracts Essay

1. Introduction Dear students, welcome to the lecture series on Business Regulatory Frame Work. Today we are going to discuss the Indian Contract Act 1872. Before I start my discussion on the contract, I would like to make you aware that the Indian Contract Act 1872 came enforced on the 1st day of the September 1872. It is applicable to whole of the country except the State Jammu & Kashmir. The course related to the law is designed to impart the knowledge to the student so that they are acquaint with the general principles of the law. As you know in our day to day life we come across number of contracts but we are not aware about them. When we board a bus or when we go to see a movie or we lend away book to our friend or when we are depositing the luggage in the railway clock room, the law comes in the picture without understanding the law we will not be able to understand what are the rights and the obligation granted to the individuals. The objective of this course is to provide a brief idea about the frame work of the Indian Business Law. 2. Agreement and Contract Now we will start our discussion on the Indian Contract Act. First of all we should understand what is a contract? Apart from the legal definition if we generally understand the word Contract then we can say that a contract comes into the picture when there is an agreement and when the agreement become enforceable it become a contract. There are two words Agreement and Contract. What is an agreement? Agreement itself comes in the picture when there is an offer and acceptance. Now again if we go into the details of this offer and acceptance then we find that offer is an expression of the desire by one party in front of the other party to do something or not to do something is an offer. Suppose ‘A’ says to the ‘B’ that I would like to sell my car to you in fifty thousand rupees, will you buy? Now here ‘A’ is expressing his desire to the ‘B’ to sell his car so that ‘B’ buy’s it. So offer has to be there and in that offer if there is an acceptance then it becomes an agreement and suppose in the same example ‘B’ says that YES he would like to Page 1 of 9  buy the car of the ‘A’ then it becomes an agreement. Now when there is an  offer and acceptance in a contract it becomes an agreement. So after studying or  analysing how agreement comes into the picture we move on to understand what is a contract? Now to reach at the level of the contract we have to add or we have to incorporate enforceability into it, the law says that until and unless an agreement is not enforceable, it cannot become a contract and to make it enforceable we have to add to certain essentials of a valid contract which are explained in the Section-10 of the Indian Contract Act, 1872. Without  enforceability it will simply remain an agreement it cannot become a contract. So in other words we can say to reach at the level of the contract we must have on the one hand agreement and on the other hand we must have enforceability into it and then it will reach at the level of the contract or it will become a contract. If I say all agreements are not contract but all contracts are agreement because all agreement cannot reach at the stage of the contract because if an agreement is not enforceable in spite of having number of the element of enforceability into it. If it is lacking one element of enforceability, it cannot reach the stage of the contract. Now just to make it a very simple. If I say that you are the student of the B.Com Part-I and if I say that you will become a graduate one day, there is no certainty into it. A student in the part 1 will definitely be a graduate there is no certainty because he may drop the studies in between or he may decide to quit but whomsoever is a graduate or if a student is a B.Com then automatically I will say that he has completed B.Com. Part I. So a student who is B.Com Part I need not to be necessarily be a graduate one day but whomsoever is a graduate was definitely was in B.Com Part I. Meaning thereby, if I relate, B.Com Part 1, with an  agreement and B.Com itself, with a contract. There is a gap between the two like an agreement has to be converted into the contract with enforceability.  We had to add the essential elements in a contract and then it will become a contract. Similarly a student has to pass B.Com Part I, he has to pass B.Com Part II and then he has to pass B.Com Part III or the final year examination then he will become a graduate. If somewhere in between if he leaves the studies or quit the studies, he cannot become a graduate. So we can say all contracts are agreement but all agreements are not contract. 3. Definitions of Agreement and Contract Now I would like to give you the definition of the contract which have been defined in the law. The term contract is defined in section 2(h) of the Indian Contract Act which reads as under: â€Å"An Agreement enforceable by law is a contract†. Now if we analyse the definition we find that whatever I have explained to you earlier is covered in this definition and if we go by the definition of agreement given in the section 2(e) – â€Å"Every promise and every set of promises is forming the consideration for each other is an agreement.† Now if we analyse this definition and I have explained it earlier that agreement or the promise consist of two things offer and acceptance. Let us see the some definition given by the thinkers. Definition given by Mr. Polak â€Å"Every agreement and promise enforceable at law is a contract† and Sir Salmond has defined â€Å"a contract is an agreement creating and defining obligation between the parties. If we analyse the definition given by eminent jurist and the definition given in the Indian Contract Act, we reach on this conclusion that to make an agreement enforceable and then we can enter into a contract. Now the question arises that what are those things which can make an agreement enforceable in the eye of law. Since, we have studied the portion of the agreement very well, that it is made up of two things offer and acceptance. Offer is the expression of the desire by the one party in front of the other party to give an assent and acceptance is the assent given on the offer. 4. Enforceability in an Agreement Now we will move on to the points which bring the enforceability in the agreement and if the enforceability is added it is included it will constitute along with an agreement it will constitute a contract. The first and foremost point which we had discussed is that there has to be an offer and there has to be an acceptance. As you know very well that without two parties or more than two parties we cannot enter into a contract. So in a contract there has to be more than two parties and one party will make an offer to the other party. The other party will give an acceptance on it. This is the fundamental essential to convert or to bring the enforceability in agreement. The second important essential element is that there has to be a free consent between both the parties. Now this particular word free consent is made up of two words consent and it should be free. As I mentioned that each element will be dealt by me later on in great detail therefore I am providing you the brief introduction of these elements. The consent is the meeting of the mind and both the parties agree upon the same thing in a same sense it is said that there is a consent. But it will be free provided it is not caused by or provided the consent is not obtained by cohesion, undue influence, fraud and misrepresentation. In very simple line I will explain coercion meaning thereby if one party forcibly compelling the other party to enter into the contract it is said that coercion has been applied on the other party. For example A by threatening to kill him enters into a contract with him it is said that A has entered into a contract with the B by coercion. Undue influence, whenever there is undue  influence, one party is always in a stronger position and other party is always at a weaker position. The stronger party morally pressurised the weaker party to enter into the contract and weaker party enters into the contract without the free will. It is said the undue influence has been exercised. What is the fraud? The fraud means when one party intentionally or deliberately or with the intention to cheat the other party, to deceive the other party, enters into the contract it is said that fraud has been  exercised by the party and misrepresentation meaning thereby, a statement which is not true but the party making it believe it to be true it is said that misrepresentation have taken place so if we have got the four element if the consent is called by these four element it is said that it is not a free consent and contract enter into by the party without free consent even not having enforceability remember we are now dealing with thos e point which will bring the enforceability with the agreement so that it become a contract. We are here studying the point which will take the agreement to the contract. These points I am discussing, again I am repeating in very very brief manner. The another point which is very important to bring the enforceability is the parties should be competent to enter into the contract. Without going into the details if we say all parties are competent to enter into the contract except the three parties, if we exclude these three parties from the agreement there will be enforceability so  that agreement will become a contract and these parties are if the contract is enter into by the minors and minor is a person who is not having age of 18 if the contract has been enter into by the person of unsound mind it is said that it is not enforceable he is not competent to enter into the contract and if the people debar by law if they enter into the contract since they do not have capacity to enter into the contract it cannot become a contract and they don’t have capacity to enter into the contract. Therefore if we say, if these three people are present in any agreement that agreement cannot become a contract and except these three people if any person enter into the contract that agreement will have enforceability. 5. Lawful Object and Consideration Now I move on to another point that is known as the object of the agreement should be lawful and the consideration which is given should also be lawful. There are two things, object of the contract should be lawful as well as the consideration given to achieve the object should also be lawful. First of all I will take up what do we mean by consideration. Consideration the law says is that something in exchange like if you go to the market to buy 1 kg sugar you give 35 rupees to the shopkeeper and the shopkeeper gives you 1kg sugar. For the shopkeeper, 35  rupees is a consideration and for you, sugar is a consideration. So there is an exchange between the two parties therefore there has to be a consideration but the consideration should be lawful and object of the contract should also be lawful. Now law says what is lawful object? and what is lawful consideration? In the Law has not defined in a positive manner, law have defined that what is unlawful. If the law says if any object and consideration does not fall within these lines then it is automatically lawful object and lawful consideration. Meaning  thereby, we go negatively to explain what is the lawful object? And what is the lawful consideration? Now suppose, ‘A’ says to the ‘B’ that if you will kill the ‘C’ I will give fifty thousand rupees. Now in this example when ‘A’ says to the ‘B’ to kill the ‘C’, the object is not lawful as well as the consideration which is decided to kill the ‘C’ is also not lawful. Therefore the object of the contract should be lawful but I will mention certain points which are declared by the law that they are treated as unlawful therefore they are not applicable or they don’t have any validity in the eye of law. Number one is If it is fraudulent the object of the contract is to do some fraud then it will be treated as the object of the contract is not lawful. For example if ‘A’, ‘B’ and ‘C’ together decide and cheat the ‘D’ they make a pl an to cheat ‘D’ or to play a fraud with the ‘D’ it is unlawful and object of the ‘A’, ‘B’ and ‘C’ of the plan is unlawful. 6. Objects Forbidden by Law If the object of the contract is forbidden by law, when we say it is forbidden by law meaning thereby the law does not permit that if the object of the contract is forbidden by law then it will not be treated as a point of enforceability in an agreement. For example if ‘A’ having a living  married wife enters into a contract to marry another lady. Now here in this example the object of the contract is forbidden by law and if we dwell upon we will find that it is written in the Hindu law that a person if he is having a married wife living with him cannot marry the another lady. So if the object is forbidden by either by the law or by the state legislation or by the Central Government if they have enacted any law and if it is forbidden and if we try to enters into a contract which is forbidden by law that will be treated as unlawful object. The next point in the unlawful object and  consideration is that if the object is permitted it will defeat the provisions of the some other law and if we take the example we find that suppose in a company it is mentioned that a person if he comes to attend a meeting he will be given 125 rupees for example as a remuneration to attend the meeting and 25 rupees as a allowance. Now if we are giving the allowance with an intention to evade the income tax then it will be treated that object of giving the 25 rupees with an intention of evading the income tax then we can say here also the object of the contract is not lawful and if it is injurious to the other party. If two parties enter into the contract to injure somebody that object is also unlawful and if the object of the contract is immoral. Now the definition of the morality will depend upon the standard of the society but yet if we are promoting the prostitution, that is considered as to be an immoral and if the two parties enters into the contract which promotes the prostitution, that object of the contract is also unlawful but last but not the least heading in the unlawful object and consideration is that it should not be against the public policy. Now public policy is a very wide term. Public policy has been defined by different  is always a situational.  eminent jurist in different manner it Whatever is suitable according to the standard of the  society can be included in the heading of the public policy. We sometime call it that public policy is unruly horse. We can include any heading in the public policy. Like, for example recently the Supreme Court has given a judgement in which they have specifically mentioned that no construction activity will take place in Bombay and other parts of the country after 10 O’clock in the night. Now this decision has been given in the interest of the public policy. If you recall there is a judgement that during the Navratras the dandiyas are not allowed after 10 o’clock in certain states except Gujarat because the Gharba is the festival of the Gujarat. Dandiya is played during that particular period with the great enthusiasm in the Gujarat because it has got an origin in the Gujarat. It originated from the Gujarat. So except Gujarat the Dandiyas will not be played in other part of the country after 10 o’clock. This decision is given in the interest of the public policy. So public policy is a very wider term. Yet we have decided certain heads which are included in the public policy. First is trading with enemy, second is trafficking in the public offices, third is interference with administration of justice, fourth is marriage brokerage contracts, fifth is agreement tending to create interest oppose to duty, sixth agreement in restrain of parental right, seventh agreement restricting personal liberty and the last but not the least is the agreement to commit a crime. So the object of the contract should be lawful and in this point we had studied that what is lawful and it has not been explained but what is unlawful it has been explained. 7. Agreement should not be Declared Void Now we move on to another element which bring the enforceability in an agreement. The heading of that element is that an agreement should not be  specifically declared void. In the law of contract there are certain agreements which are declared by law that they are the void and they cannot be at any rate be converted into the contract and as we know void agreements  are the void from the very beginning.  They cannot be converted into the contract, they are not  enforceable they have no value in the eyes of law. Now for your convenience I will mention the headings of the void agreements.  The first and the foremost is  agreements by person who are not competent to contract (Section-11), agreement under a mutual mistake of fact material to agreement (Section-20), agreement with unlawful consideration or object (Section-23), agreement, the consideration or object of which is unlawful in part (Section-24), agreements without consideration (Section-25), agreement in restrain of marriage (Section-26), agreements in restraint of trade (Section-27), agreement s in restrain of legal proceedings (Section-28), agreement, the meaning of which is uncertain (Section29), wagering agreement (Section-30) and agreement to do impossible act (Section-56). If we look at the list we find that any agreement which is falling under these categories or under any of these categories will be known as the void agreement it cannot be converted into the contract. If I move on to another element of the enforceability and that is the agreement must be certain. When we say the agreement must be certain meaning thereby when offer is made to another party it should have the element of certainty. It should not be weigh. The acceptor or the promisee should not derive the different meaning out of it or it should not be confusing also. For example if ‘A’ says to the ‘B’ that he would like to sell the fifty tins of the oil. Now this offer by ‘A’ to the ‘B’ is uncertain. It is not giving meaning, which oil he would like to sell to ‘B’. Is he would like to sell the coconut oil or he would like to sell the mustard oil. He has not mentioned it, therefore, in  agreement which is expressed or agreement which is given to the other party should be certain and the last point to bring the enforceability is known as that performance of the agreement should not be impossible. For a very simple example if a girl says to a boy that you bring the stars from the sky and then I will marry you. It is impossible act. It can not be converted into the  contract it is lacking the enforceability because we know we can not bring the stars from the sky. If ‘A’ says to the ‘B’ that I will give you 1 lakh rupees if you join the two parallel lines, we know two parallel lines do not meet. Another  example is if ‘A’ says to ‘B’ that he will show the ‘B’ the hidden treasure by magic then it is also an impossible act because by magic we cannot show the hidden treasure. Therefore, these are the elements which has been explained to you if they are available in toto, if they are available as it is in an agreement then it will become a contract.  If one single essential element of this is absent or one  essential element of the valid contract is absent or missing then it cannot become a contract that agreement will simply remain an agreement because it is lacking one of the essential element of enforceability. Therefore to reach at the level of the contract we have to fulfil all these requirements. Therefore we say all  contracts are agreement but all agreements are not contract because to travel  at the stage of the contract, to reach at the stage of the contract we had to have these elements.

Operations Management in Tesco Essay

In order to define why Operations Management is needed in an organisation knowledge of operations management is required. Operations management is an area of management concerned with overseeing, designing, and redesigning business operations in the production of goods and/or services. It includes the responsibility of ensuring that business operations are efficient by using as few resources as needed, and effective in terms of meeting customer requirements. It is concerned with managing the process that converts inputs in the forms of materials, labour, and energy into outputs in the form of goods and/or services. Operations management is about how organizations produce goods and services. Everything you wear, eat, sit on, use, read or knock about on the sports? eld comes to you courtesy of the operations managers who organized its production’ (Slack, N. , et al. , 2010) We have chosen Tesco PLC as it is not only one of the largest food retailers in the world it is also successful in selling its many other products including insurance and financial services. Tesco sets its performance objectives with the following categories of people in mind; the first are the customers because these are the main people that bring in revenue to the organisation. Then there are the suppliers; the operations section depends on these people to perform adequately. (Tesco, 2007) There are also the employees; these are the people who carry out the operations and working conditions in the operations section must put this category in mind. The community is also affected by operation processes especially if the goods disseminated by the process affect the environment. Lastly, there are the shareholders who expect that the operations section is effective stock that they can be able to earn a higher return on their investments. All of the above groups have been included in the performance objectives of Tesco to a large extent. Some of these performance objectives include; (Slack, N. , et al. , 2007) Speed; Tesco recognises speed as one of the major performance objectives in operation. Speed in this case is the time spent between a request for a specific item by a customer and delivery time. The Company values this because customers can get what they require when they need it. This constitutes a respectable record and makes them come back for more business. It has been incorporated in its day to day services by andling customers in a fast manner when they are purchasing items at the store, store attendants are taught to be prompt. Secondly, when they are purchasing a product or service over the phone, customer assistants are to deliver First Call Resolution. Thirdly, when customers are online they are saving valuable time that may be wasted in queues to make payments or when trying to move from one aisle of the store to the next to find a particular item, they can simply do this by selecting the items they require from Tesco’s official Website. Tesco, 2007) Quality; in production this performance objective takes precedence over all other objectives. The product offered by any given company must meet international or local standards in order for it to be a quality good. This is important to a company for two main reasons. The first being if a product or service falls within the customer’s expectation, then they will be satisfied and will be willing to come back for the same. The company will therefore make more profits or generate more revenue. The second reason why quality is such an important performance objective is that it helps the company to achieve effectiveness through reduction of costs, increasing dependability and speed. This will occur if the goods are of good quality. The organisation will then be able to spend time on other aspects of production rather than correcting mistakes. (Slack, N. , et al. , 2007) Tesco ensure that all goods especially foodstuffs are in top notch conditions to ensure that they incorporate this performance objective. This is normally done by effective selection of suppliers for the company. Weiss & Mark, 1989) Besides this, Tesco ensures that goods do not sit too long on shelves or in the warehouse. To prevent the sale of substandard goods expiry dates are regularly checked and to ascertain the quality of the products Tesco performs audits on its suppliers to check; the capability of the factory: that hygienic conditions are incorporated in food preparation; the quality management systems of the supplier and the supply chain management. If these aspects are fulfilled then Tesco will conduct business with them and display their items in their stores. This means that only the best quality goods are chosen in this case. (Tesco, 2007) Cost; this is a performance objective that is largely dependent on the other performance objectives. If an operation is dependable, fast, flexible and full of quality then fewer resources will be spent trying to rectify mistakes. This will directly affect the finances needed and overall cost in the process. It can then be said that cost falls under the four other types of performance objective and it is best not to consider it in isolation. (Slack, N. , et al. 2007) By ensuring that all other performance objectives are met Tesco ensures that this performance objective is incorporated and therefore Tesco improves efficiency in all processes. Flexibility; this is essential in ensuring that operation processes are effective. With flexibility a company can adjust to changes in external factors that may require different aspects of the product. In relation to this, flexibility may come in a variety of forms. It may involve a change in the amount of products the company dispenses, this will normally occur after an external reason has prompted a reduction or increase in the amount of product. Flexibility also applies to the way products or services are delivered. This may be in various forms such as changes in delivery or payment systems used which are influenced by advances in technology and/or competitors. Lastly, flexibility may also mean a change in the types of products or services offered in relation to changing customer preferences. This performance objective is also essential in determining how some other internal factors flow. With a flexible operation system, responses within the organisation will be fast and the overall process will be more efficient. Enhanced flexibility will enhance dependability within an organisation because the speed will have been improved. Lastly, flexibility also affects the amount of revenue generated within the company as the way time is spent within the organisation is affected. (Slack, N. , et al, 2007) Tesco incorporates flexibility by continuously introducing new products in order to meet with changing customer preferences. An example would be the introduction of Tesco’s own product brand name. These products include nearly all foodstuffs and now clothing and electrical goods. To further expand Tesco now sell insurance and provide financial assistance with loans and credit cards. During certain times of the year, Tesco will increase the amount they stock of certain items to compete with demand. One such example is ice cream; this will be in large stock during summer months and low stock during the winter months. Tesco has also shown flexibility by the way it has been engaging in a number of mergers and expansion programs. Tesco has shown that it is flexible in terms of locations as it has a large number of stores found outside the UK. This was in response to increased globalisation and technological advancements. (Hogan, 1998) Dependability; this may be defined as an organisations ability to deliver goods, services and time. An organisation must establish as a dependable system in order to succeed. As a performance objective it is very important as it defines the image that the organisation presents to its customers and whether the customers will continue to purchase their goods or services. If the company is very dependable then their revenue will increase and vice versa if they are not dependable. Dependability brings stability to the organisation and means that resources can be spent on improvement instead of on fixing mistakes. (Slack, N. , et al, 2007) One way that Tesco has implemented dependability is by ensuring that its delivery system is top notch meaning that its customers get their goods on time, every time. (Weiss & Mark, 1989) This is especially in regard to provision of insurance. The Company makes sure that customers wait for too long, if applicants are not viable, then Tesco informs them as soon as possible so that they do not have to waste time waiting unnecessarily. To conclude, it can be seen that Tesco is an extremely successful organisation that has extracted the necessary resources to succeed from new technology and finances. Tesco’s operations management is very effective with a highly structured distribution chain for its products and services and a highly structured way of choosing its suppliers who ought to have ability to deliver. (Tesco, 2007) Trough this Tesco has become very profitable and is ever expanding.

Necessity for Nuclear Weapons

The Necessity of Nuclear Power As time goes by and the world becomes more advanced technologically, we develop a greater need for energy sources. Most of the fuels that we use today are non-renewable, such as coal and oil. Nuclear power is a source of power which brings many benefits. It is less expensive because it is based on uranium, which is easily accessible. With very little amounts of uranium, great amounts of energy can be produced. A significant advantage is that by producing energy using nuclear power, the process does not give off Greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide which contribute to the rising problem of Global Warming.One of the biggest advantages of nuclear power is the discoveries made in nuclear medicine, such as CAT scan, cancer therapy and MRI machines. Nuclear power has become more useful in the past century with the inventions of nuclear weapons. The invention of atomic bombs, hydrogen bombs and other weapons of mass destruction has given nations more power and source of safety. A single weapon can be capable of destroying a whole city. Nuclear weapons have only been used twice in history, both during the closing events of the Second World War in Hiroshima and Nagasaki.It is a wise decision to possess nuclear weapons if you are a wealthy nation with power. If a nation feels threatened at any time, it can depend on these weapons to protect themselves from the enemy. Nuclear power has disadvantages as well. If any accidents were to occur, many people can be fatally injured. Nuclear plants are only reliable to a certain extent. In reality, if any accident were to happen, a whole city can be expected to evacuate. One major disadvantage of nuclear power is that is creates significant amounts of radioactive waste.This waste causes problems for the world because of its high radiation. The waste remains for hundreds of years and creates high temperatures. Although nuclear power does have disadvantages, I believe that it necessary as long as it is used in the correct manner. The fossil fuels used for energy today are not an infinite resource. Someday, humans may need to rely on different sources of power and energy for consumption. Without the proper source of energy, our world would stop because people would not know how to react to the shortage of resources.In nuclear power and the production of energy can be handled correctly, a possibility of an accident is relatively rare. Nuclear power can be a good substitute for the burning of fossil fuels for energy. The manufacturing of weapons of mass destruction is also beneficial to the well-being of nations and the people. If any disputes that led to war were to occur, countries have the ability to protect themselves if need be. Knowing the fact that multiple nations may be in possession of such weapons, decreases the likelihood of severe combat.

History of Iraq research paper proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

History of Iraq research paper proposal - Essay Example The federal government of Iraq defined as an Islamic democratic federal parliamentary republic. It is composed of the executive, legislative and judicial branches plus numerous independent commissions. The legislative composed of the council of representatives, the executive branch composed of the president, prime minister, and the council of ministers. The judiciary is composed of the higher judicial council, the Supreme Court, the court of cassation, the public prosecution department and judiciary oversight commission. Iraq was under the rule of native empires, Assyrian, Babylonian, Akkadian, Sumerian and foreign empires such as Median, Achaemenid, Persian and Sassanian empires. In the 16th century, Iraq fell under the Ottoman rule, which intermittently fell under Iranian Safavid and Mamluk control. After the fall of Saddam Hussein 10 years later, the country is full of lawlessness, autocracy, daily deaths and havoc. The country has rapidly declined economically unlike in the 1970s whereby it was named as the country of positive success, despite destructive groups among them. By marrying the infant of an uncle or a mothers sister, a husband and wife are of the same clan and their property. Their unity and their strength further strengthens the clan they are both from. The most basic and vital tribal structure is an extended family3. The Islamic political state of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) is a Sunni extremist, jihadist rebel group controlling territory in Iraq and Syria. This situation is a clear proof of Islamic dominance in Iraq. It is also shown by the use of the Sharia law in the country4. From 1980, the external relations of Iraq were influenced by the Saddam Hussein government. Iraq had good relations with the Soviet Union, France, and Germany, who provided advanced weapons systems. In 2003, the US and its allies invaded Iraq causing insurgency that deepened ethnic, tribal and sectarian divisions in

Market opprotunity factors Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Market opprotunity factors - Essay Example Banana ply paper is a substitute product to pulp paper. Some of the other environmental benefits of the production of banana ply paper are that the production facilities use cero water and 99% less energy that traditional paper mills. The world cannot keep cutting down trees for the production of paper. Deforestation is a major environmental concern and one of the causes of global warming. The company’s business model is to use licensing to generate revenues from its patent. A socially responsible strategy that the firm can use is to seek expansion in Africa which holds 53% of the banana plantations. Other products that the company can produce along with paper include packaging, furniture, building, construction and other industries. Some of the characteristics and attributes of Papyrus technology products include water resistance, fire resistance, and UV resistance (Papyrusaustralia, 2012). The future of the company is very bright due to its superb product and the environmentally friendly practices of the

Bacterial Transformation Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Bacterial Transformation - Term Paper Example To this end, transformation entails the process in which DNA fragments are taken up by bacteria. Evidently, many contemporary scientists have discovered a variety of genetic modifications that invent bacterial strains which are more susceptible to transformation. Furthermore, they assist in maintaining the plasmid devoid of rearrangement and realignment of of the plasmid DNA. In addition, discoveries in contemporary treatments catalyze the efficiency of bacterial transformation. Consequently, they become highly susceptible to either electrical or chemical based transformation. This hence results to ‘competent cells.’ The major application for bacterial transformation includes gene therapy whereby defective cells are replaced with functional copies. Furthermore, it can be applied in the coding of genes for traits such as pest resistance or disease that may be transformed into plants. Furthermore, transformation of bacteria can occur with a gene for human hormone like insulin in order to stimulate production in mass quantities. Evidently, upon the occurrence of transformation, a plasmid is often transferred. To this end, a plasmid refers to a minute, circular DNA that occurs naturally in most bacteria. Furthermore, the plasmid occurs independently from the chromosomal DNA of the bacterium. In addition, it contains genes which are not normally evident in the bacterium. It is important to note that the extra genes at times supply a growth advantage for the bacteria. This can be through giving enzymes such as amylase and extra gene which breaks down beta lactamase or starches and eventually leads to a breakdown of antibiotic ampicillin. To this end, the growth of bacteria is evident even in places outside their natural setting. In the field of medicine, the ability naturally competent bacteria in acquiring plasmids that possess resistant antibiotic genes is deemed as critical. This has immensely influenced the development of new

Creating Web Presence Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Creating Web Presence - Case Study Example Although Wordpress is primarily considered as an authoring platform (Shamah), it has effectively exceeded this reputation and has extended the locus of its influence beyond blogs. Since its inception, Wordpress has continuously added to its arsenal of extremely useful tools and features. Wordpress allows integration of advanced features such as using shopping carts, mailing lists, and integration with social networking websites which helps generate and maintain traffic on a blog, which is essentially its lifeline. Another important factor that tipped the decision scale in Wordpress’ favor was the availability of widgets and plugins. Wordpress allows users to upload information in a very easy, simple and elegant way (Shamah). In a nutshell, these capabilities have allowed Wordpress to become a content management system. Another reason why Wordpress was preferable to other platforms is its multilingual capability as it is available in all the major and minor world languages including some of the archaic ones as well. However, the crucial factor that helped finalize Wordpress as the platform for my Web Presence was the fact that Wordpress is free and easy to set up. Wordpress software is readily available online and can be downloaded for installation on web host of our choice and this allowed me to finalize Wordpress as the platform of my choosing. The process of creation began with signing up for Wordpress and a URL https://yimingzeng.wordpress.com/ was selected. Blogs on Wordpress rely heavily on themes and pre-designed Hemingway theme was chosen. As required by assignment instructions, five pages were created namely Home, About Me, Pizza Hut, Making a Pizza and Exegesis. The theme was customized slightly to include a picture of my choice and to give the blog a Title.  Ã‚  

Climate Change Essay and development Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Climate Change and development - Essay Example The history has been witness to gradual and abrupt climate change through the millions of years which has been responsible for extinction of living organisms, including plants, animals and human life. The industrial revolution has been catalyst to the exploitation of natural resources like coal, wood and other types of natural resources. The post WWI has witnessed great leap in the advancing technology and increasing exploitation of natural resources like oil and natural gas. In 1970s and 80s, women’s contribution to the development processes had been recognized. In the southern countries like South East Asia, Africa, Australia etc. the exploitation of natural resources have been part of the development processes which have huge implications for environment and sustainable development. World development report asserts that if left unmanaged, the climate change will reverse development progress and compro ­mise the well-being of current and future generations (WDR, 2010). The human threats to the environment comprise of many significant factors that are important ingredients of development process. Population growth in the last quarter of the century saw an unprecedented increase in population bringing new challenges in its wake. Pielke et al. (2003) claim that climate change, causing extreme weather conditions and natural calamities, are much greater when they occur in regions having poor infrastructure, huge populations etc. The fast advancing technology and rapid globalization, including local migration, has adversely affected the ecological conditions. Carbon emission and green house effects are also major factors for climate change. The various drivers of climate greatly contribute towards sustenance of life and determine characteristics and distribution of ‘natural and managed system including the cryosphere, hydrology and water resources,