Management and Lego Media Int Essay

MATSUSHITA ELECTRIC 1. Describe the organizational culture at Matsushita Electric Company (MEC). In what ways has it historically been innovative? Give examples (at least two). 2. a) Describe MEC’s journey into internationalization. b) Where would you classify them now in terms of their phase of int’l development? c) And how would you classify their managerial mindset (parochial? Ethnocentric? Geocentric?)? Give historical examples (& contrast w/r/t the company’s tenets of globalization) to support your answers (to each of a,b,c above). 3. As of the late 1990’s (post KM’s death), how well has corporate management succeeded in propagating KM’s approach to innovation beyond the Japanese culture? Give specific examples of successes and/or challenges. Q4. What is needed to improve cross-cultural management within MEC? CASE TWO LEGO What are LEGO’s values and corporate identity? How did these develop over time (prior to LEGO Media Int’l)? How did Lego’s organizational structures & policies permit int’l alignment AND explicitly reflect the company’s belief in equifinality? How did LEGO actively reduce barriers to communication? Give examples of some of their internal communication practices & indicate which communication barriers these practices helped to reduce. Describe the organizational culture @ UK Lego (Lego media Int’l). What is the evidence that it, too, believed in equifinality? When you compare it to the corporate LEGO identity, would you say that this (UK Lego culture) is an example of Corporate (Danish) LEGO’s cultural dominance? Cultural avoidance? Cultural accommodation? Cultural Compromise? Or Cultural Synergy? Explain why it represents the form of c/c conflict resolution that you’ve said it does. CSE THREE NOVO NORDISK What problems/challenges did NN face prior to facilitation? Describe how the facilitating team was created (nature of its diversity/homogeneity, and how people were selected into it). Was this consistent with the â€Å"best practices† for creation of multicultural teams? Explain. What was/were the objective(s) of the facilitation endeavour? Was it a routine or innovative task? Describe the process by which the NN facilitation team managed cultural differences _(BETWEEN THE MEMBERS OF THE TEAM AND THE UNIT/PROCESS GROUP THEY WERE FACILITATING)_ . Give specific examples to illustrate their methods of differentiation, integration, and their use of external feedback. What’s the evidence that the facilitation team succeeded? Explain in terms of both task outcomes (alignment to corporate goals) & social outcomes (emergent states of mutual trust, collective identity, and confidence in the facilitating team’s ability to achieve its task). Can C/C Management via the NN style of facilitation be a way of accomplishing alignment in other (non-Danish) MNCs? Why/why not? CASE FOUR SULZER INFRA What problems was Sulzer Infra facing prior to creating its new vision? Were these well-structured or ill-structured problems (Explain)? How did it come to recognize these as problems? What was the new Vision about? & What challenge did it present? How did the Vision/Strategy 2002 program & Sulzer Infra Academy set about trying to meet those objectives? Specifically, (a) who was involved ? (b) what were the 4 major elements of knowledge acquisition that were intended? And (c) What was the main focus of each of the 3 days? What was the intended function of the arts component of the program? What were the intended functions of the†P-teams† & the â€Å"Know-How ring†? In what ways were they meant to cooperate? Throughout the program, what helped to bridge c/c differences and which c/c issues remained a challenge? From the perspectives of the UK & Dutch offices, to what extent were knowledge management objectives (e.g., dissemination & utilization goals) achieved by the program? Based on these views, how could Sulzer Infra have improved their program? CASE FIVE PURIFYING AN IMAGE What responsibilities do organizations have to customers who rely on a line of products, one of which has exhibited a fatal, but potentially solvable, defect? Did Baxter accept responsibility for the deaths too quickly? How personally responsible is a CEO for a localized product-liability issue? Was Baxter ethically obligated to close Romney Plant? Could Baxter have ethically attempted to shift blame for the dialyzer defects to 3M or to the organization that owned the Romney Plant a few months before the crisis? What ethical responsibility did Baxter owe to the employees at the Romney Plant that it closed in the wake of the Dialyzer crisis?

My School Memories Essay

The first memory that I have of school is the sound of my small feet on the wet ground as I stepped out of my mom? fs green Volvo. The splashing and splashing of the water as I walked down the rainy walkway toward what would be my new school. But not only was it a walkway to school, but the walkway to the rest of my life. Little did I know at the time, but this path would bring me to where I am now, an unsure college student. Unsure and uncertain of what my future holds and what is awaiting me on this path. The only things I know are the lessons that I have learned along the way which have molded and shaped me into the person that I am today. As a kid going through grade school my family moved around a lot. When I first started going to school I was living in north Seattle, and I lived there up through the first grade. After I had completed first grade, my family and I packed up and moved north to Mountlake Terrace. At that age it really wasn? ‘t very hard for me to relocate because I hadn? ‘t really had much time to develop any lasting relationships or even fully understand what was happening. The following six years were spent moving between Edmonds and Seattle and going through different elementary schools. The older that I got the harder it became whenever I would have to change to a different school because I felt like I had to explain myself to the other kids. When I was younger I was really embarrassed about the fact that I had moved around so much. Even to this day, I get a bit uncomfortable discussing this topic. After I had finished sixth grade my family decided to move back to Edmonds once again and I? fve been here ever since. I started middle school here in Edmonds at College Place Middle School. That summer before school started I decided that I would join a football team so I could make some friends that went to the same school as me. For the first time I had real friends. The only problem was that some of those friends weren? ‘t the greatest of influences on me. They liked to get into trouble by smoking and just not making smart decisions in their lives. I experimented with the whole ? gtroublemaker? h scenario, but luckily for me I realized it was not for me and it really was not the smart thing for a seventh grade kid to be doing. That following year I had changed a lot and I had gotten really into music. I just fell in love with it. That year is when I met who would end up being one of my closest friends to this day, Joe. His love of music was as great as mine was and we decided we wanted to start a band. I believe that music really helped me find a sense of self and it really gave me a positive way to express emotions and thoughts that I was feeling, and teenagers need some sort of way to express them otherwise it can create trouble. High school was the beginning of the end. It was the beginning of the end of childhood?. It was a time when I had to take my first baby steps into the real world. The first year of high school was by far the worst. The step up from middle school to high school is a hard one. For me it was strange to see guys with more hair on their faces than I had on my whole body. The whole situation is quite intimidating for a young kid in a strange, new place. As the years went on, I began to feel more comfortable being there. The one thing that kept me sane through my high school years was my band. By the time we’d reached our junior year we had become pretty good so that made it even more fun. I eventually even began to like school a little bit. But overall I had a lot of fun in high school. I think I learned a lot about how to treat people and just to respect people for who they are. That was probably one of the most important lessons that I learned the whole time I was there. Looking back on it now, I can appreciate the time that I spent there. The events and circumstances of someone? fs life really do determine how that person thinks and acts. There is no doubt that the experiences I? ‘ve had in my life through school have helped to shape the person I am today. Not that I am perfect or near perfect now, but I am happy with who I am and I think that that there is something positive to be taken away from everything in life. The only problem is that sometimes you have to take a closer look to be able to find it.

Group and organizational behavior Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Group and organizational behavior - Assignment Example are explicitly indicated as â€Å"simultaneously improving individual internally focused satisfaction and reducing work-unit absenteeism is the most promising approach to reducing individual absenteeism† (Diestel, Wegge, & Schmidt, 2014, p. 353). 5. The implications of these conclusions are: management should design factors in the job setting that would assist in reducing absenteeism; as an integration of both internally focused satisfaction (job conditions) and externally focused satisfaction factors (work unit). Future research could focus on increasing sample sizes or extending applications to other organizations from different cultural settings to validate consistency of the results. 4. The main conclusions of this article are: â€Å"perceived deep-level dissimilarity evokes perceived relationship conflict, which produces lower evaluations of subordinate performance, which, in turn, lead to higher levels of abusive supervision† (Tepper, Moss, & Duffy, 2011, p. 288). 5. The implications of these conclusions are the noted need to conduct further research on the subject in other organizational settings, particularly in health care organizations, to validate consistency of results. In addition, perceived levels of dissimilarity could not be structured as constant due to the personality differences of both, supervisors and subordinates, in different work settings. As such, future studies should rule out limitations, noted therein. Diestel, S., Wegge, J., & Schmidt, K. (2014). The Impact of Social Context on the Relationship Between Individual Job Satisfaction and Absenteeism: The Roles of Different Foci of Job Satisfaction and Work-Unit Absenteeism. Academy of Management Journal, 353-382. Tepper, B., Moss, S., & Duffy, M. (2011). Predictors of abusive supervision: Supervisor perceptions of deep-level dissimilarity, relationship conflict, and subordinate performance. Academy of Management Journal,

Cyberterrorism, Cyber terrorists and their methods to launch an attack Research Paper

Cyberterrorism, Cyber terrorists and their methods to launch an attack - Research Paper Example Or to intimidate any person in furtherance of such objectives (Verton, 2003). With ever changing technology, there are ways upon ways to hack or use the internet in a criminal manner such as cyber espionage or information warfare. Cyber terrorism is a combination of cyberspace and terrorism. Often this type of warfare is used to persuade a group or government to follow certain political beliefs. Cyber terrorism can be used to help plan other terrorist activities, soften a target prior to a physical attack and generate more fear and confusion concurrent with other terrorist acts. Cyber terrorism has no boundaries as it is not limited by physical space and can be carried out by anyone and anywhere in the world. This paper aims to provide an explanation of what cyber terrorism is and how it is propagated in information technology world and the impacts it has on the businesses and organisation s that use the internet and networking to carry out their activities. It is important that we i dentify and protect the critical infrastructures which include government operations, gas/oil storage and delivery, water supply systems, banking and finance, transportation, electrical energy, telecommunications and emergency. According to the former secretary of defence Donald Rumsfeld in 2002 The nation is vulnerable to new forms of terrorism ranging from cyber-attacks to attacks on military bases abroad to ballistic missile attacks on U.S. cities. Wars in the 21st century will increasingly require all elements of national power – not just the military. They will require that economic, diplomatic, financial, law enforcement and intelligence capabilities work together. Cyber terrorist use different methods to launch a cyber-terror attack. One method is hacking, which is the unauthorized access to a computer or network. An alternative technique is the Trojan horse program designed to pretend to do one thing while actually doing another, with the purpose of damaging the compu ter’s software or system operations. Computer viruses can be spread extremely fast and cause major damage. Computer worms are self-contained programs that are able to spread functional copies of itself or its segments to other computer systems. Then there’s email relates crimes that involve e-mail spoofing, spreading Trojans, viruses and worms. Denial of Service (DoS) attacks that can be accomplished by using a single computer or millions of computers throughout the world. To perpetrate such an activity, the ‘attacker’ installs a Trojan in many computers, gain control over them, and then send a lot of requests to the target computer. And last, but not least, cryptography literally meaning covered writing, involves the hiding of data in another object; it can also be used to hide messages within image and audio file. Although there is no definite way of stopping cyber terrorism there are several measures to prevent such acts. For example, using an up-to-dat e computer security software systems and firewalls, personal vigilance. security levels in private sector critical infrastructure fields. Using a high level virus-scanning program like Kaspersky or Norton devices will be safe from majority of the little viruses that you may come in contact with. In order to understand the cyber terrorism four major elements have to be considered and examined these elements are the perpetrator of the crime , the place where the crime takes place, the tools that are used to aid the perpetration of the crime, the action what actions take

Design Process Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Design Process - Case Study Example Interactive systems design is essential in creating software interfaces. The aim is to illustrate how the prototypes can help designers generate and demonstrate what they intend to deliver. Designers can get feedback from clients and users of the software before completing the development process. The prototypes enable developers choose among the best alternatives in order create the best solution (Langer, 2008). This is usually accompanied with reason in the documentation of why the designer chose the alternative. A prototype is just a representation or a model of an interactive system. The software may not be presented in its full detail, but the interface must be fully presented. The interface may only handle a small code or algorithm in the system, but it is essential in interactive systems. Prototypes usually require several design phases that would take the user through scale of the interactive system. It is essential for software prototypes to develop into final software produ cts because it carries the user’s expectation. When a user is pleased with a representation of the software prototype, it is logical to deliver to the expectation of the user. The process of creativity in software design is intuitive and oriented on new discoveries. Generating new ideas is more essential than evaluating existing ideas to ensure that everything is in order. Creating an interface is a process that involves the inclusion of Human-Computer Interaction. Human Computer Interaction is a multidisciplinary subject that combines scientific elements with design (Dix, 2004). Interface design is a creative process but requires software engineering skills to evolve into operational software. Scientific methods are also used to study the effectiveness of the interfaces and software. Different design processes requires different prototype applications prototypes are either part of the design or just design objects. Prototypes that are viewed as design objects have benefits t hat include support of creativity and helping developer to generate ideas. The prototypes can also help a designer explore the design working space and discover some issues about the user. The prototype also encourages communication between the user and developer during the design process. This is likely to reduce the amount of errors that are usually generated during the development process. There are four dimensions that can be used to define prototypes and their application. The first dimension is the representation technique, which describes the form of prototype used. They include computer simulations and paper sketches. The next dimension is the precision that involves a level of detail where the prototype is evaluated. The evaluation criteria used is whether the prototype is highly polished or rough. The interactivity dimension describes the extent in which the user can interact with the prototype. This is best achieved when the prototype is fully interactive (Pilone & Miles, 2008). The evolution is the final dimension, which describes the expected life cycle of the prototype. Some of the expected lifecycles include iterative and throw away life cycles. This project design requires the use of representational prototype because it involves the use of computer simulations. This is because the project takes the form of a computer program. A number of sketches on paper are considered a prototype, but a computer simulation is the most appropriate prototype in this case. An online prototype is

Private Search and Seizure and the Fourth Amendment Essay

Private Search and Seizure and the Fourth Amendment - Essay Example This discussion stresses that  the Fourth Amendment applies to police as they are state officers. Nevertheless, the â€Å"automobile exception† allows police to conduct any immediate search on a vehicle without seeking a warrant as it would take a lot of time to find a warrant and the vehicle may have moved away from the jurisdiction. Thus, the supervisor of Mr. Yourprop may direct the police officers to search the vehicle parked in the parking lot as there is probable cause that it may be carrying digital evidence of the company’s intellectual property. As much as the car is currently immobile, it is â€Å"ready to move† and thus subject to the automobile exception. In His interpretation of Chambers v. Maroney, Justice Stevens held that all immediate searches conducted on vehicles by police officers without a warrant were justified and not in violation of the Fourth Amendment as long as the police officers have probable cause to believe that the vehicle in que stion is carrying contraband.From this paper it is clear that  it may be carrying evidence of a criminal offense. This aspect of a reasonable expectation of privacy when it comes to vehicles is diluted by the regulation, use, and configuration of the vehicle. In the case Carroll v. United States, it was held by the Court that the expectation of privacy is lesser in motor vehicles due to their functions in transportation and it rarely serves as an individual’s personal effects’ repository or their residence.

The Baroque Period Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Baroque Period - Essay Example The Baroque Era of Music is traditionally considered the period of time between 1580 and 1760. As with other art forms of the period, the Baroque Era of music is noted for its ornate qualities. One of the most notable music forms coming out of this period was the Opera. Although there were variations of the Opera throughout Europe, including Italy, Germany, England and France, during the Baroque Period, they all contained several interlocking threads: the ornate set designs, beautiful melodies and professional presentation. The opera was originally designed as a form of entertainment for the court and as such usually spared no expense in their set design and elaborate costumes. Operas of this time period used â€Å"different approaches to singing and embellishment (even bowing) and freer attitudes toward improvisation.One of the main focuses in Baroque style music was the expressiveness of the era itself was expressed so beautiful in the music of this time period – bold, arti culate and free flowing. â€Å"There are people -- actors, preachers, and public speakers, singers -- called upon to use their voices in public spaces with bigger or smaller voices. And these Baroque composers, Handel for example, understood the human voice probably like nobody before or after.† (Giles, 1999, 43). By far the Baroque Era can be summed up musically, as with the era itself, grand. It was larger that life. The elaborate spectacles were designed to entrain while vocalizing with flare and flash the grandeur of the period. Thought provoking always; it was reaching out and questioning with a style and grandeur that can only be termed is Baroque. This style of music and its very nature, like the development of counterpoint itself during this era was a period of exploration and growth with heavy influences of the church the music was almost a release from any societal conceived limitations. It was freedom of expression beautiful performed with the flourish and bold vis ual impact, intricate musical embellishment and theatrical dramatization. This age of conceptualizing and wondering had respect for the past but also an eye on the future. This was expressed also through the literary works focusing on one of the artistic masters of the time period, Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio. Using the inquisitive, questions style typified by many of the writers of the Baroque period Pino Di Silvestro, the author, beautifully rediscovers the literary flair of the time period. Like the renewed emergence of the importance of the church as an entity during this time period literature and art marked "a similar subversion of the status quo is to be found in those of

Analyzing Crime Trends Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Analyzing Crime Trends - Essay Example Lastly, the overall crime rate in Kent, Washington was 606.9 in 2005, and it systematically reduced to 518.8 in 2008 (Kent City Police Department n.p). It is evident from the data above that Rochester City, New York had the highest number of crime rate and Santa Clarita, California had the least number of crime rate. Additionally, there was a general reduction in crime rates for all the five cities. One of the key reasons for the reduction, in crime rates in these five cities, is the implementation of a more decentralized community policing strategy that is characterized by openness to try out new techniques of protecting the cities and statistical analysis (Boba-Santos 87). Additionally, most States have ensured that majority of hard core criminals and offenders have been prosecuted and placed in jail. Incarceration has ensured that majority of crime offenders have been placed out of streets thus the reduction in crime rate (Boba-Santos 91). Demographics have also contributed in reducing crime rates in these cities. Statistics indicates that young people commit criminal offense more than the elderly (Clark 67). Therefore, the State governments have created a number of social activities that target youths thus keeping them busy. This has also reduced crime rate drastically. Local policy in these cities has also improved surveillance (Siegel 104). Cameras are everywhere in the streets thus making it difficult to commit a crime (Clark 73). In summary, crime rates have reduced in the United States, and this is evident in the data provided for the five cities. This is particularly attributed to a the change of local policy in different cities and

How does the US Constitution relate to the US Army Officer Corps Essay

How does the US Constitution relate to the US Army Officer Corps - Essay Example The US Constitution is the supreme law of the country, providing framework for organizing its government.Other than defining the organization of these arms, the constitution clearly outlines the powers exercisable by each branch of government. The Constitution also reserves some rights for each individual state and therefore establishes the US federal system of government.It defines three the three major government arms namely the executive under the leadership of the President, the judiciary headed by the Supreme Court and the legislature consisting of a bicameral Congress. The US Constitution was enacted in 1787 through a convention in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, but later underwent ratifications in every state, and further underwent amendment twenty times.The US Army is a military, whose primary misson is providing the required forces and capabilities to boost national security and defense strategies. The Army is the largest and oldest branch of the armed forces and among the seve n uniformed operations. The modern Army traces its roots back to the Continental Army formed in 1775 to help in meeting the demands of the American Revolutionary War, before the United States was established. Most US Army units can be divided into various components including the following units: the Corps, Division, and Brigade, regiment, Battalion, Company, Platoon, Squad, Section, squad and team. The Corps is a large administrative and administrative grouping of troops within the armed forces having a common function like Artillery or Signals. The relationship Various views with regard to the source of war power were expressed in the early years of the US constitution making and continue to seek supremacy even now. A theory was to the effect that war power comprises the particular powers granted by Article 1, Section 8. Later in 1795, the theory's argument was advanced further that the National government's war power is attributed to sovereignty and hence independent of the confirmatory grants of the written constitution. Later, Chief Justice Marshall took a different view that the authority to wage war is implied from that to declare it (Kohn et al, 1988). According to the US Constitution, the President is the Commander-in-chief of the military although Congress is the one empowered to declare war by Article One, Section Eight, and not the President. However, Congress has always authorized Presidents to deploy troops in the event that a war has not been declared explicitly. Since the Second World War, major military actions have mainly been US military operations or UN police actions that are considered justifiable legally due to decisions like Authorisation for Use of Force, the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution and numerous other UN Resolutions. This was also the case for the Korean War that was only considered a war by an Act of Congress. The The US Constitution does not apply to the military personnel exactly the same way it does to civilians. Even though the military is not excluded from the rights contained in the Bill of rights of the constitution, Article One, Section Eight grants Congress authority to make government rules as well as regulate the land and naval forces. Practically, most of the constitutional rights of the civilians are also accorded to the military, even though some differences are introduced to suit the situation in the military. With regard to right of warning and right of counsel the military has broader protection than those in the constitution. Military appellate courts are used for interpreting military law and ensure it is consistent with the constitution as much as possible (Kohn et al, 1988). The Second Amendment of the US Constitution created a well regulated militia in order to boost security of the Free State as well as the right for people to bear and keep arms. This amendment was enacted in an environment pervaded by emerging republican ideology as well as with the help of various suggestions from

Thesis On E-Government In Jordan Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 20000 words

Thesis On E-Government In Jordan - Dissertation Example E-government is the short form of electronic government, also known as the â€Å"e-gov† and has a number of other names in digital government, the online government, and even transformational government. E-government discusses the manner in which government makes use of the exchange of information and services that are pertinent with regards to the citizens, individual businesses, and other governmental agencies to name a few. E-government thus takes care of information and communications technology, which in this paper we will call as ICT. All these processes are carried out to ensure that there is improvement within the processes, efficiency is achieved, public services are better managed and delivered and there are plenty of tasks that are done in the right manner as far as processes of democratic governance are concerned. Thus to add to the same discussion, we see that the E-governments encompass a number of different models including the Government to Citizen, also known as the Government to Customer, Government to Business and lastly Government to Government. However, to coin the most significant of these activities that E-government does in the related scheme of things, we see that E-government increases efficiency between the tasks ensure there is convenience all around and there is a better accessibility factor related to the provision of basic public services. Hence the interaction between the private sector and that of the public sector is also improved as a result of the very same.

Diagnosing The Change Essay Example for Free

Diagnosing The Change Essay Diagnostic models provide us with the tools to analyze the functioning of organizations. A variety of methods have been employed to ascertain the factors affecting the functioning of an organization; some looked at the internal factors, some at the external factors and some others a combination of these perspectives. No one model is â€Å"the truth,† but each offers its user the opportunity to view the operation of an organization from a particular perspective. (Ian Palmer) Burke-Litwin Model drivers of change: This model was chosen because it presents the outline of the external and internal factors that affects the organization, and its inherent changes in a balanced form. The model offers distinction between the transformational and transactional changes of the organization. This involves the responses of the organization towards the environmental changes. Transactional changes are those that mostly entail the qualities like the structure, the system, individual’s needs and values along with the individuals’ tasks and skills. However, the transformational change largely covers the changes with respect to the variations of the external environment in terms of organizational mission and strategy. â€Å"The four transformational factors are external environment, mission and strategy, leadership, and organizational culture.† (Ian Palmer) The following are some of the key points of this change model: External Factor: This factor embraces the markets, competition, legislation and economy. Both companies show evidence that they are adept at scanning their environment, a factor that enables them to plan and predict the recurrent changes that affect their organizations. Apple, at its best, has shattered the consumer electronics world and in the process has left competitors reeling, and it regained its lost market share and making its shareholders wealthy.

French Revolution Essay Example for Free

French Revolution Essay The world has seen many revolutions in history. One of the biggest revolutions was the French Revolution because it came with many consequences and influences. Nothing else like this had ever happened this powerful to change the political status quo. Many people surprisingly don’t know how the French Revolution started but through this paper we will be learning more about it. Starting in 1789 through 1794 the people of France dethroned and arrested their king Louis XVI, took apart his monarchy, and executed him, his wife, and thousands of nobles. The French people then set up a new system of government on concepts of popular rule, personal liberty, and equal justice for all to replace their old leaders. This was a new start for France and would hopefully put them in the position they wanted to be in as a country. France was one of the biggest and most powerful countries in the world and had good monarchy, a large army and navy, and many foreign colonies and responsibilities. Much of this was very expensive to keep up, but not having it could end up becoming even worse. Paying for all these different things would be costly but this would not put them in their economic struggle. It would be their support in wars like â€Å"The Seven Year War† that caused them to borrow too much money to the point they could not pay back. Louis XVI would now take the thrown and try to help France in these horrible economic times. He came up with a plan to aid the Americans in their dependence from the British. He hoped this would get some influence in North America, but even though this was much help in the American victory France made no progress and went farther into debt. France was in big trouble and now had no national budget and little central financial planning. The French people were already overtaxed. Knowing the French was stuck in a hole and must find a way to get money Louis had to talk to his advisors. Many of King Louis financial advisors told him the only way to build up the France economy was to tax vast lands owned by the church and nobility, but the only way to tax them was to have a meeting with the Estates General. In 1788 Louis called a meeting with the Estates General and this would be a big part in setting the stage for the beginning of the French Revolution. The meeting would consist of representatives of each Estate. Even though the Third Estate made up 97% of the French population Louis would rely on the First and Second Estate to overrule the third. But things would soon turn for the worst for Louis, because the commoners (the third Estate) with a few of the members of the other estates disobeyed the king and named themselves the National Assembly. Their goal was to get all the all French citizens basic civil rights. They were willing to be very peaceful at the beginning, but Louis would not even come to an agreement with any of the Third Estate’s demands. Louis called a meeting between himself and the delegates of the three estates on June 23, 1789 three days after the Tennis Court Oath. There Louis told the delegates he would negotiate a number of reforms. The reforms Louis named had nothing to do with the demands of the Third Estate. The revolutionaries would not give up that easily and wanted Louis to know it. This made the king upset and now he would begin to use the army to force his will on the people. In late June Louis ordered four regiments of soldiers to advance on Paris and Versailles and soon after that ordered up several more. A large group of people went to Bastille to get ammo and gun powder and were met by a large number of troops where there was a big battle. This battle put the revolutionaries on top and Paris was pretty much theirs. Rumors went around that Louis was sending troops into the rural areas to handle the peasants, this became known as the â€Å"Great Fear†. When the troops did not come, the peasants went crazy and started to attack and sometimes burn the rich lord’s mansions. Doing this they also burned records of feudal obligations. Now the National Assembly had wanted to focus on getting a new constitution for France. The first draft was made August 27, 1789 named the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen and showed to Louis on October 2, 1789. Louis said he would look over the draft but the revolutionaries needed to know how long it would take. They were worried that the king might be stalling to set up some attack. Inspired by the concern and mad about the latest lost in bread, part of the populace took action. On October 5th a large group of women went to Louis’s palace demanding he use his wealth to provide bread for hungry families and that he approve the declaration. When Louis’s wife, Marie Therese heard about the peasants not having any bread she then said â€Å"Let them eat cake† not even knowing that cake was a food that the rich ate because they could only afford it. This made the women very angry and was a very big part of the revolution. Fearing that the women would soon get violent he agreed to their demands. The women still didn’t trust Louis and made him and his family move to the old palace (Tuileries) in Paris so he could be watched. Later Louis and his family then tried to flee France when they were caught and sent back to Paris for Louis to stand trial. Leaders of the Assembly then realized that killing Louis would be best for all. So on January 21, 1793 Louis XVI was publically executed hoping that the French monarchy would soon end. This was the start of the revolution and would now hopefully let France start over. Louis was now gone and the people could now try to make their own decisions. This might not be the end of all their worries but they are now pointed in the right direction.

Fast-Moving Consumer Goods in India

Fast-Moving Consumer Goods in India The life styles and culture of India is changing drastically. The population of India is increasing every year and this will have a direct impact on the FMCG industry and its organizations. Although population of India is increasing every year the population growth rate is decreasing over a period of time. In 2008 the population growth rate is 1.6%, in 2009 it is 1.5%. In 2010 the growth rate is 1.3%. Although the figures didnt change drastically, the supply and demand of the FMCG products will be affected due to change in population structure. There will be decrease in demand and intense competition as the birth rates and number of customers decrease. Most importantly it is the change is life style of Indian customers and social behavior will affect the FMCG industry in India. It will demand a new products and services over the time and will lead to increase in investment in RD of FMCG companies. Now the world is facing with food shortage leading to increasing invest in food product ion. If the organizations fail to offer products and services according to changing lifestyle and behavior then it will be difficult for any organization to survive in the market. Economic: Current slowdown in global economic scenario affected almost every industry across the world. There has been increase in unemployment and low consumer spending power. This leads to consumers not opting to buy expensive products or services. This further pressurizes the RMCG companies to reduce the prices for the products and services. Organizations will have to review this economic ride and have to respond accordingly, A successful organization will respond according changing economic conditions, consumer and stakeholder behavior. An efficient organization must be aware of the changing economic condition across the country and global and should employ a suitable strategy to stay in the market. Political: Political factors will have a greater influence on the organization and industry and it is the duty of the organizations to comply with it. It is necessary for the organizations to comply with the legislations implemented non conformance of which may lead to serious implications on the organization. The government has implemented certain restriction in the import policies. However tax exemptions in sales and excise duty are provided for the small scale industries. This will allow the SMEs to invest more and will increase the number of new entrants. Transportation and infrastructure facilities are improving not only in urban but also in the rural area which will help in distribution network. Technological: Advancement in technology boost the production with enhancement in quality of products and services rendered to the customers. Organizations began to adopt e-business to improve brand communication and market. Technological advancement makes the supply chain and transactions along the chain simple. Organizations reduced costs with effective IT technologies and increased the rate of information transactions. Technology is playing a key and huge part in the FMCG sector by developing the new packaging, increasing productivity and longer shelf life of food products. Better, stronger, more effective and faster are the key elements that all manufacturers in this sector push for, as it drives sales. The advancement enhances the sales by enabling the manufactures to produce better products with attractive packaging and better communication. With advancement in communication technology and rising social media network it enables the organizations to communicate better to the customers by improved marketing campaigns. International trends: The economic crisis and slowdown had greatly affected the sales FMCG goods across the world. However emerging economies like India, China and Brazil are not greatly affected and manage to do well to recover quickly. A common trend that was followed across the world during economic slowdown was trading down. Because, customers became more cautious looking for less expensive brands, special offers and discounts. This added tremendous pressure on the market prices due to severe competition and down trading. However emerging economies like India, China and Brazil saw development in hypermarkets helping the growth of FMCG markets in these countries. Macro environmental opportunities: India has Vast Rural Market with majority of population where the market is still untapped market. India has cheap labour to provide cost advantage over other countries. Many multinational companies are having cost advantage by outsourcing its product requirements from its Indian company. ENVIRONMENTAL THREATS AND OPPORTUNITIES: Industry structure: The FMCG market of India divided into two sectors the organized sector and the unorganized sector. The organized sector has only few Indian companies and MNCS whereas the unorganized sector is crowded by a many local players. Indian FMCG market accounts for about Rs.460 billion where the market has been highly occupied by local and unbranded products. This has been a challenge for many organized players to successfully launch a product and to occupy the market share. Distribution and supply chain has also been a challenge as Indias infrastructure and transport systems not quite helpful with millions of retail outlets in the country. Although infrastructure and transportation system is developing in recent times it is still considered as a challenge by many players. The FMCG sector has a wide range of products including confectioneries, beverages, detergents, toothpaste, toilet soaps, shampoos, creams, powders, food products, cigarettes. Typical characteristics of FMCG products are: The products cater to necessity, comfort and luxury. Price and income elasticity of demand varies across products and consumers. Individual items are of small value (small SKUs) although all FMCG products put together account for a significant part of the consumers budget. The consumer spends little time on the purchase decision. He seldom ever looks at the technical specifications. Brand loyalties or recommendations of reliable retailer/ dealer drive purchase decisions. Limited inventory of these products (many of which are perishable) are kept by consumer and prefers to purchase them frequently, as and when required. Brand switching is often induced by heavy advertisement, recommendation of the retailer or word of mouth. Distinguishing features of Indian FMCG Business FMCG companies sell their products directly to consumers. Major features that distinguish this sector from the others include the following: Design and Manufacturing Low Capital Intensity as most of products in FMCG requires relatively little investment in plan, machinery and other fixed assets. Basic technology required for manufacturing is easily available. Third party manufacturing is common and the benefits include production and inventory planning flexibility, flexibility in controlling labor costs and logistics. Marketing and Distribution High Initial Launch Cost with huge investment in product development, market research, test marketing and launch. Creating awareness for a new brand requires enormous initial expenditure. Huge Distribution Network as India has millions of retail outlets across the country making the logistics functions difficult for many players. Competition Market is crowded with many unorganized players. Presence of many unorganized players and highly capable MNCs provides fierce competition in the market to launch many new brands. This gives wide range of choice of brands for the customers. PORTERS FIVE COMPETITIVE FORCES: BUYER POWER: The consumer base of this industry is larger than any other industry and they have little or no influence on the price of the product. The consumer always possesses great choice of brands within the product category and they can shift from one to another without much influence. Hence, buyer power is not quite strong in this industry. But they have power when they provide threat to shift from one brand to another brand. In FMCG retailers should also taken into the account for analysis. Retailers can always decide which brand to stock and consumers dont show much interest to wait if one brand of choice is not available. So retailers can always make choice between brands and they have more buyer power than consumers. SUPPLIER POWER: Supplier power is little or limited in the FMCG industry. The industry always has great number of suppliers with great size. There will not be any uniqueness in the product or service of suppliers and the manufacturer can always shift from one supplier to other supplier. However manufacturer faces some amount of supplier power due to the cost they have to incur when switching suppliers. Suppliers who do large business with manufacturers are always obliged to their customers. THREAT OF NEW ENTRANTS: Threat of new entrants is limited in this industry. The new entrants generally cater to local or small markets contributing to the large unorganized sector. Raw materials for most of the segments in FMCG industry can be easily procured. The investment will not be high for machinery and other assets required for most of the products in the industry. Also the basic technology is easily available. These factors can make the local or small manufactures to enter easily in the industry. But this industry requires high initial launch cost and distribution network is always a challenge. These factors act as a barrier for any new entrants in the industry and virtually provide low threat of new entrants. THREAT OF SUBSTITUTES: The FMCG industry bears a high threat of substitutes. The industry possesses many organized players with great number of local manufactures. The products in the industry can always be imitated and marketed. The industry possesses high level threat of substitutes in rural market than in the urban. DEGREE OF RIVALRY: The degree of rivalry is high in the industry. There are many global players along with local manufacturers. The industry enjoys low customer loyalty. The customers always have wide choice of brands and the switching cost is always minimum or negligible. There will be only slight difference in the quality of brands. So the competition is fierce in the industry to attract customers and retain them. Strategic groups in the industry: Among the FMCG companies in India Hindustan Unilever Limited is most catered company to almost every segment in the industry. Its competitors are only catered to certain segments but HUL faces stiff competition from all competitors in every segments. The major companies of strategic groups in FMCG industry are Hindustan Unilever Limited, ITC Limited, Nestle India, Emami Limited, Colgate-Palmolive (India) Limited, Dabur India Limited, Procter Gamble, Godrej Consumer Products Limited and Cadbury India. International Competition: India is an emerging market and has become a hotspot for many multinational FMCG companies like HUL, Proctor Gamble and Nestle. However domestic companies like Marico, Dabur and Emami are giving tough competition to them. These companies step into natural product category by offering herbal products and managed to occupy the market. For instance, Maricos flagship brand Parachute Coconut Oil has no foreign competition. The presence of international competition is restricted to areas of where they can act and categories like natural products did not interest the global players. Industry Threats: The organized players in the industry are facing problems high magnitude of imitative products. The fake products are seen highly in rural markets and the Indian FMCG sector is losing large amount of money due to presence of counterfeits products. The industry is facing increasing input costs due to increase in price of the raw materials due to global economic slowdown and potential impact of rising crude oil prices Industry Opportunities: The FMCG sector is the fourth-largest sector in the Indian economy and has been growing considerably over the past few years due to changing lifestyle, consumer preferences and high disposable income. The rural market is being highly untapped and provides favorable condition for growth of the companies in this sector. EVALUATING HUL STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESS: VRIO Framework of Hindustan Unilever Limited: The value of HUL lies in their ability to offer different products and cater to the different segments in the industry. The organization has international expertise and wealth of knowledge to cater to different segments satisfying the customer needs. The organization is displaying high standards of corporate behavior towards its stakeholders. The company realizes that its employees are the primary source of success and well committed to their employees. The organization encourages the open communication with customers to get feedback and improve its product offerings. Rarity: The company enjoys the competitive advantage in its robust supply chain and distribution network. Though the company resources are not rare it enjoys the competitive advantage in its resources employed in supply chain and distribution network. Imitability: The organization possesses valuable and rare resources in its supply chain and distribution network that the competitors did not have cost advantage in imitating the resource. The social relationships entailed in resources are complex that the competitors cannot easily imitate and manage well. Organization: The organization structure of HUL with its empowered managers across the companys nationwide operations imparts speed and flexibility in decision-making and implementation. The organization leverages its resources for efficient management. The company realizes that its employees are the primary source of success and well committed to their employees. Analysis of Corporate Strategies: Hindustan Unilever Limited has robust supply chain and distribution network covering over 3400 distributors and 16 million outlets. HULs sales organization structure integrates the Household, Personal Care and foods distribution networks together. By this the organization aligns all the units of its organization towards the common goal. Analysis of Business Strategies: HUL introduces wide variety of products in different segments at different price points. HUL analyses its strategy to improve its foothold in the processed foods category which is largely unoccupied. HUL Strengths: The company has variety of products in each category giving wide array of choice to customers. Robust Distribution Network covering over 3400 distributors and 16 million outlets. The Company enjoys many reputed brands and created a well reputed brand image in the customers mind through advertisement. Well developed quality management. The company has highly capable and well developed RD resources. HUL Weakness HUL not able to compete effectively with local competitor in the rural market: The Companys product mostly target middle class and lower middle class population. So the upper middle class population terms the companys product as a cheap product with low quality HUL is over dependent on Indian market and depends on it for majority of revenue generation. This makes the company subject to changes in weather, political and economic conditions and also makes it vulnerable to potential risks arising in India.

Beatrix Potter: Not Just an Author of Childrens Stories Essay

Beatrix Potter: Not Just an Author of Children's Stories Helen Beatrix Potter was born at No 2, Bolton Gardens, South Kensington, Middlesex (now in Greater London), England on July 28, 1866. She was the only daughter of a well-to-do London family, and her parents were heirs to a cotton fortune [4]. Her family was a typical Victorian family, living in a large house with several servants. Beatrix's younger brother, Bertram, was born when she was six years old, and the children were schooled at home by a governess until Bertram was old enough to attend school. Beatrix stayed home and was cared for by a string of governesses who encouraged her to read and write, and introduced her to music and art [3]. Beatrix spent much of her childhood in solitude, only seeing her parents at bedtime and on special occasions. From a young age, Beatrix was fascinated by nature. Her family went on annual summer holidays in Scotland and the Lake District. It was here that she and Bertram collected animals, skeletons, and fossils together. They sketched and painted pictures of the plants and animals they saw, and often went to the Natural History Museum to learn more. As they traveled the countryside, Beatrix gained not only first-hand experience, but also a deep love and knowledge of the countryside. It was this combination that makes her books so special [2]. Although her parents were a bit overprotective and discouraged her from forming friendships with other children, Beatrix always had her brother for company, not to mention a whole menagerie of pets. The children kept the pets in their schoolroom, and carefully studied and drew them. Almost all of Beatrix's famous characters from her books are based on pets she had. For example, Benjamin... ... prize sheep, and a philanthropist. She is immortalized both through her books, which continue to bring delight to children, and through the lovely Lake District in England, which she helped to preserve [2]. The picture of Beatrix Potter came from http://www.britannica.com/bcom/eb/article/0/0,5716,62630+1+61079,00.html?query=beatrix%20 Works Cited and Consulted 1. "Beatrix Potter and the Lake District." http://shoga.wwa.com/~cfox/fire/bp/bpld.htm (23 Sept. 2000). 2. "Beatrix Potter - More Than Just a Rabbit's Tale!" http://www.wwwebguides.com/authors/society/potter/beatr.html (23 Sept. 2000). 3. "Beatrix Potter's Life." http://www.peterrabbit.co.uk/uk/biography/printresource.cfm (23 Sept. 2000). 4. "Potter, (Helen) Beatrix." http://www.britannica.com/bcom/eb/article/0/0,5716,62630+1+61079,00.html?query=beatrix%20potter (23 Sept. 2000).

The Function of Blogs :: Internet

The Function of Blogs There are so many things one could do with the relatively new medium of blogs. They can be almost anything a person wants: a journal, a compilement of links, a scrapbook of information, or even a discussion board. The only definition I've seen that can encompass it is that they are postings in reverse chronological order. Blogs are the newest Internet craze, but do they serve a purpose? Early on, experienced web users, who knew web-programming language, kept blogs to keep track of their mind’s wanderings. They were like a "Captains log on the quest of discovery" (Brown). For the average Internet surfer, they weeded out sites worth viewing from the rest. Now, sites like blogger.com have taken the work with web languages out of blogging, opening it up to the general public. New age blogs are seen as "vain self publishing" by experienced bloggers (Fitcher). I can see their point, as many inexperienced bloggers seem to ramble on about themselves as if they are to be praised. They only seem to want attention. This has made me wonder, what is the point of personal blogs? All blogs must have some entertainment value; otherwise no one would keep or read them. Entertainment isn’t a very commendable purpose, but it has more value than watching television. It is better to be learning about news events and stating your opinion on it than just hearing it. At least then you’re developing your ideas, and the reading and writing will help develop communication skills. Bloggers learn to put more thought into what they say, or just the act of writing daily can help thoughts flow into words. A blogger’s thoughts may stem from a news article they recently read. In this case they usually link you to the article and state their opinions, or point out different aspects of it. Their comments are kind of a one-way discussion leading you down their train of thoughts. You can usually reply to what the author says, but the time delay in responses may result in the author’s lack of interest to questions posed. Walt Crawford threw an interesting concept my way in his article, Announcing Cubed: Media about Media about Media. Blogs are just another form of media coverage. Our media affects how we think to a great extent. It is always rating other forms of media, and many blogs are no exception (Crawford).

Trade Facilitation Essay -- International Trade, WTO

International trade plays crucial role in the development of any country. And Trade facilitation can be define as a procedure to make international trade possible in a best and efficient way. In which transaction cost of trade is minimum and goods transfer from one country to other in shortest time. According to WTO, â€Å"Trade facilitation is defined as a procedure and controls for the movement of the good from one country to another can be reduce cost and burden. And also find the efficient flow of goods†. According to Kommerskollegium (2008), Trade Facilitation can be define as â€Å"a reduction in trade complexities and cost of trade transaction process and insuring that all these activities take place in an efficient, transparent and predictable manner†. According to Kommerskollegium (2008), International Trade is a key driver of economic growth. Trade facilitation reduces compliance cost, enhance government controls and capabilities and it is not achievable witho ut Political determination and international efforts. The author also explains Trade Facilitation as â€Å"a mixture of Harmonisation of applicable rules and regulation, standardization of information and requirements, simplification of administrative and commercial formalities, procedure and documents and transparency of the whole process†. It can be done by government regulation and controls, business efficiency, improved transportation, advancement of the information and communication technologies, and efficient and easy payment procedure. Custom play a central role but all border agencies should also involve in this procedure in an effective manners. It’s also an argument in support of trade facilitation that why developed nation are focusing on trade facilitation. If we go ... .... According to OECD (2005), World Bank estimated average time required for custom clearance through sea cargo in Africa is 10.1 days and only 2.1 days in OECD which shows the difference between trade efficiency of Africa and trade efficiency of OECD. According to OECD (2005), custom clearance time can be reduced by increasing the cooperation among the international border agencies and custom authorities of trading countries. ADB (2003) refers to indicate that Bangladesh could earn 30 percent more in results of its exports if port inefficiencies are removed OECD (2005). According to World Bank (2004a), if Procedure of Custom clearance improves in Ethiopia then average productivity level of the firms in Ethiopia will increase by 18 percent (OECD 2005). Furthermore, In Nigeria cost of import is as high as 45 percent due to inefficient custom clearance procedure.

Case Study of P&G (Marketing Issues)

| Case 5: P&G | | ————————————————- Company Background Porter and Gamble (P&G), founded in 1837, is one of the biggest consumer goods company over the world. P&G sells shampoos, baby care products, medicine and food etc. It not only diversified the product range but also the product width. Therefore, P&G has several brands under one single category but aimed with different customer segments. P&G is also famous for its innovative and customer-oriented approaches. For example, it designed one kind of shampoo which is suitable for Japanese.With the competitive advantages above, P&G was developing with an appealing growth rate and became one of the top 500 companies around the world. ————————————————- Why entered â€Å"$2 a day† market segment? In the past, P&G concentrated on medium and premium market segments. From the case, it was mentioned that P&G was too big to maintain a considerable growth rate within its existing target markets. It had to enter the bottom of pyramid, the 70% untouchable potential customers.Therefore, P&G targeted Chinese low end markets. In other words, P&G wanted to absorb Chinese living in countryside or second tier cities who earned around $2 per day. ————————————————- Marketing issues Following P&G customer-oriented traditions, the worldwide organization also put many efforts on the new target customers. It developed a series of marketing strategies as summarized. * Customer-oriented research P&G send employees to live in the rural areas in order to learn about the actual living style of the residents.After that, P&G found that Chinese living in countryside concerned more about the functions and the price level of the products. Besides, P&G still had more challenges to face. Firstly, the distribution channels were dispersed and small in size. Secondly, most people in the rural areas even did not know how to use shampoo correctly since they did not have chance to access those modern consumer goods. Moreover, P&G had to spend time on building mutual trust relationship with Chinese local parties as Chinese culture highly emphasized the importance of â€Å"Guanxi†.To attack all these challenges, P&G changed the method of packaging and developed â€Å"road shows† instead of its traditions TV advertisements to promote. * Packaging and prices of the products Since the new target customers only earned around $2 a day, they could not afford the normal price of its consumer goods. To solve this problem, P&G modified the packages to be used only for once in order to make the price of the products affordable for the new potential customers. * Road Shows P&G used its own prom otion teams to penetrate the rural areas.It had its own transportation team which decorated with its posters so that people could see the advertisements whenever the cars passed by the villages. Besides, P&G held many activities which attract people to know more about the products. In the activities, the promoters showed how to use the products to the residents. In addition, free samples would be distributed in order to attract the residents to try the products. It seemed that the marketing strategies were simple to implement but indeed, it spent P&G several years before it gained significant market shares in the new market segments. ———————————————— ————————————————- Strengths of the marketing strategies P&G was successfully using the localized strategies as wel l as customer-oriented approach. In my opinion, as the purchasing power of the bottom of pyramid was low, what they need was purely the basic functions of the products. Therefore, the company must learn the new target customers very well. The company hired many local employees who definitely understand the environment and living styles.Moreover, such strategies could make its promotion going deeper in the markets. Thought the number of audiences of every road show is limited, those who actual attended would get free samples. Then, they would tell their friends or relativities about how useful the products are. The effect of word-of-mouth would occur. ————————————————- Problems of the marketing strategies Everything has its down side. The marketing strategies P&G used were largely required time and resources. Such high investment was at risk.On the other hand, since P&G had a well-known image of premium class targeted, entering the low-end markets may lead confusion to its existing customers. In other words, there may lead some losses on original area of business. ————————————————- Recommendations Although in the rural area, residents earned just around $2 a day. P&G should not continue on the same strategy to them. The economy of China is growing with a high rate. Therefore, people living in countryside are expected to earn much more than current situation.The purchasing power of these customers should increase considerably in the near future. With the help of R&D center in Beijing, I suggest that P&G should start to invent some products which can fit for the change of the targeted customers. On the other hand, to avoid the confusion of brand image, I suggest P&G to launch another sub-brand names which include all the product categories aim ed at this market segments. (People earned $2 a day) Differentiated positioning product should have different brand names so that

Cause And Effects

A stupefy and takings essay aims at explaining the reasons and results of an feature or stead. It is superstar the most hot essay types in the academic world. It is skilful for a student to write a baffle and depression essay be driving force it propels him to forecast of the situation in understanding to coiffure up with the reasons for the birth of that situation and its eventual(prenominal) impact on everything it affects. It encourages the mind to ring analytically and investigate a situation in its true light.Writing a cause and effect essay needs pick out earning of the topic and keen fear to detail. It may seem like it is an lax thing to do but you corporationnot go far beyond the introduction if you do not put analytical skills into typography it. Such types of essay basically targets twain main points, why the event or situation took place and how did it made its impact. You dumbfound to remember to concentrate your cause and effect essay to revolve aro und these twain points and do not let it yield from its main focus.Cause and effect are two approaches that are closely rivald so it is sometimes a bit chanceful to differentiate between the two. Therefore, it is imperative that you understand the topic properly before coming it. You should choose an excellent cause and effect topic the one that you think you can pull off easily as you understand it in more depth than other topics. This topic should help you relate one event to another, ultimately unveil its causes and effects.You should aim at indite it in such a way that it keeps the reader hooked on to it, keeping them on the edge of their seats. Here in this article, we gather in jotted down some outstanding examples of the cause and effect topics. You can choose the one that suits you the most and goes along well with your writing style. But, do not forget that it should clear be defined in the scene of its cause and effect.

Ranbaxy Case Project Essay

Because the purchase assisted the enterprise when it comes to revenue to develop into the fifth largest pharmaceutical small firms of the planet the deal functioned valuable for Sun Pharmaceuticals.With numerous of opportunities opening up within the Indian market, old Eli Lilly saw this as a stepping-stone for future clinical testing. Both companies having common cultural backgrounds and goals of being a research oriented international pharmaceutical company, embarking on a joint venture seemed ideal. old Eli Lilly would establish a presence in the region and gain access to the distribution network enjoyed by Ranbaxy.Furthermore, this JV would result in lower costs in production as well as basic research, which are considerable factors in their broad strategy.Every organizations plan will appear slightly different based on based its present and future demands but theres a structure which you might follow to make sure youre on the right path.After the establishment of the joint v enture the two companies focused on creating an organization from where there was strong support from both sides. Many employees had an equal opportunity to establish a legitimate career within the Eli Lilly Ranbaxy Corporation. Indeed, this was refreshing considering the high turnover average rate within the industry, where the union served as a crutch. Within a year after building the infrastructure from the ground up, the JV was able to launch different products and had more than 200 employees.

musical Talent development is a vital portion of the strategic human resources management practice.Throughout his tenure he helped shape logical and build the joint venture from the ground up. With a driven initiative and was general responsible for the hiring of the sales force and recruitment of medical doctors.As a leader, Mascarenhas was faced start with unique challenges; he had to deal with cash flow constraints, own limitations on pricing and other government regulations. Also within the Indian market there was low public recognition and high turnover rates for sales jobs.You will reach from your great writer to present additional details or request information concerning the orders progress.When Mascarenhas was promoted in 1996, the new stage managing director was Chris Shaw. Having a significant background in operations, Shaw helped the company focus on establishing economic stability through new systems and processes. He expanded the product line and organized a team to make sure how there were standard operating procedures (SOPs). These procedures would help the joint venture maintain a productive flow.

Our writers empty can cope with just about any form of writing assignment, along with Math and Physics issues logical and a whole lot more.One of the challenges faced by Gulati was Lilly’s name was not commonly known amongst other doctors in the market. Gulati and his team came up with the idea of wood using Ranbaxy’s name to lead as a foot in the door, and helped the company gain particular brand recognition.Also Gulati faced the challenge of trying to distribute a product that was already being sold amongst manufacturers. Through marketing and establishing public trust with the doctors the company was able to establish their presence in India.The SWOT statistical analysis doesnt provide offer alternative strategies or alternatives.Overall the performance of the IJV was a success. Each company learned letter from the joint venture that marketing network was important to have in order to enter the market in India.They also learned the importance of patent protecti on and how much a role the local government can play in the protecting that proprietary knowledge. A patent is needed in order to price their products, and to protect their innovation for a certain time.

Whereas, later external evaluation can aid the organisation to identify dangers and opportunities which should be thought to guarantee little business survival.Overall Eli Lilly Ranbaxy gained vital cooperation and communication amongst each other. Establishing a very accessible senior management staff contributed to the early on success of the joint venture. The commonality of the two companies also created ease within the good company and allowed the company to grow in profits and outputs without any disruption or disagreements.Though the two many companies have established a very successful lucrative company amongst the pharmaceutical industry the action that would be wise to do is to establish a 100% wholly owned subsidiary for Eli Lilly.The business isnt a pay master in that business.If the left IJV were to break apart there is no clear explanation on the future financial outlooks of their company.Furthermore, it best can create an unforeseen competition. However, it would allow each company to focus on their own agendas and it would also inject much needed cash flow for Ranbaxy and allow them to concentrate on the generic market. In order keep up with success a company must keep up start with the market, and the market was clearly leading Lilly into the path of a fully owned subsidiary.

It might lose economic efficiency due to inventory management practices.Employees are valuable and they handled with respect.Retaining good employees free will save your company plenty of cash and time later on.Strong on-line presence on effective networking top management and different networking websites develop strong relationships with clients and can boost the effect of favorable e-WOM.

Human Resource Management Ethics and Employment Essay

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Certainly, at that place is no restrictive compelling bastard in much(prenominal) countries as Sudan for measuring, farsightedness and prospect standards for corporative expression by using of norms and supervise ravishments models. in that complaisance is a pricy enigma to be figure out deep down amulet pip in Sudan.What put across behind demote if amulets vigilance and contr ol panel had to thrust a stopping superman? Would they deliver the post in Sudan and get across to try to bedevil a difference done talismans corporal fond indebtedness initiatives or the operations argon to be crook? Analyzing talisman smear in Sudan I compulsion to select that talisman internalisation for the forms of Sudan operations has blend a epoch-making proponent and warrant in the globular policy-making administration by means of oscillo orbital cavity standards, planning existence trustys and alive(p) in negotiations.The analysis is that policy-making property should bothude frequent province. This sagacity ruins the traditionalistic remember that solo allege and orders agents atomic flesh 18 amenable for man rights infractions. The benignant lovable brings the integrate organize of worldwide clubs their trunk is bear on with change magnitude consolidation of the globular parsimoniousness and change m agnitude the come of lines amid ratified political twist and multi issue associations towards questions of charitable rights irreverence. boffo external conjunction much(prenominal) as talisman potty should make up a regulative political appliance itself for protective cover of exclusive rights, operational(a) overbold and employing all affirmable mechanisms for gritty-and- powerfulnessy obligations on union coun sell and corporative culture regarding gentle rights violation and corporative policy in this question. These controversies in Sudan elevated mess of questions for an late(prenominal)(prenominal) Canadian companies, regarding the reasonability of much(prenominal)(prenominal) in delinquentments in extracurricular(prenominal) crude rock petroleum pipe-line intents. Should Canadian companies invest in Burma or Afghanistan?Who is responsible for gamble caused by operations in the territories bear on by courteousized wars and politica l riots? semipolitical attempt ceaselessly in collectables in trans topic operations. We keep fol mortified-up such historical facts as studyisation of foreign companies in Russia after(prenominal) redness revolution. statistically ten countries choose nationalized their oil merchandise onwards the year, 1970th. For me it is dead pee-pee that amulet connection had no detects to mount their occupations at a number oneer place such sturdy political and activists pressure. on a lower floor(a) the good deal the focus out was merchandising amulet involution to the companionship with able complaisanceable delve and accomplish policy due to questions of heathenish and various(prenominal) piece rights, GNPOC topographic point became a good nominee at the time. Analyzing the present evet in oil- muck up Sudan policy, we fag end collect that crude oil bea including GNPOC is non vapourish regular nowadays. putridness and stir political war s be the master(prenominal) reasons for that.amulet internalisation make a rehabilitative decision through and through merchandising its address to GNPOC property, Canadian international sight gained the piece chance to come apart their operations and break internationally varietya of macrocosm stuck in politicians games and corruption. The primary(prenominal) question, which appe bed currently after amulet spirit level is to a greater extent good than political, it is concentrate on the military commission of assure for military personnel existences rights violations by either(prenominal) international flowerpot or its subsidiary run in oversea ground with noble insecurity of genteel war or activists riots.It is unadorned that the big blood organizationman ground of matter, Sudan in our case, is comm unless the offset printing lulu of benignant rights. Sudanese administration stipendiary very(prenominal) low booster to the diagonal with talisman complicating the homophile rights of its citizens. At the untried-fashioned(prenominal) side, Canadian authorities has examine amulet guild Investments in Sudan in that respectfore a scope of threaten sanctions were taken to say association activities. (Drohan, 1999, 2003 Frank, 1999). Dr.Campbell (2006, 258) put forwards that, organisations atomic number 18, on the whole, uncomplete able nor free to efficaciously rate MNCs, e particular(a)ly when direct outside of their own jurisdiction and even in aras where heavy ordinance would be fascinate were it viable Was talisman interchange the provided musical mode out of the situation and had amulet caller the substantial benevolent Rights Obligations? imputable to the primitiveity tender-hearted and honorable rights derived from homo being self-regard and equality of separate rights all members of kind-hearted family ( unite Nations worldwideAssembly, 1998 (1948)) be dete rmine with clean imperatives of ordainedly charged rectitude system (Campbell, 2006).So the incorrupt standpoints due to talisman partnership obligations are positive, in time they are adversary to technical interest. followers the chaste principals some(prenominal) international corporation should regain grassroots tender-hearted beings rights at the healthy perspective of their operations and respect the high-handedness of mankind rights as the sum value of their descent approximation and a moralistic compass for bank line practices (Donaldson, 1996). call up the lyric of Jim Buckee, who would manage talisman faculty Inc. f Calgary, Alberta, to be know as a straightforward Canadian supremacy party, that has increase oil and gas run off by 30 portion a year since the mid-1990s by arriver beyond its prairie base to start out rise in the br new(prenominal)hood Sea, Indonesia and Sudan, I privation to accent that there were no intentions f rom talisman side to place sex operations in Sudan. broad(a) establish oil production on the button has begun when the association was attacked by church service representatives, courtly activists and award coin in the regular girdley and Canada for violation and genocide, and different abuses of gracious rights. why us Jim Buckee asked, he added We are a in guile, we are non in politics, and we undersur formulation provided put on things deep down our field of operation of influence. in a flash the holdings in Sudan amount to further 10 percentage of talismans total assets and we are keen with project and earn no intentions to pay (Buckee, 2000) The principal(prenominal) oddment of the chat mingled with amulet and levelheaded force forces was pertain with ability of talisman Comp some(prenominal) to adopt a bodied order that includes man rights in it. At that point further Ryan dysphoric If you squander that, and youre a force for improvi ng the situation, what are your objectives and strategies?And support you get under ones skin an audited offspring of what bushel youre having? If you cant follow through without violating man rights, the lone(prenominal) choice is to leave (Ryan, 2000). That in truth became a soothsaying for talisman selling its parting in Sudan and loss and leaving. What legal philosophysuit of note faces is adoptable for Sudanese political forces and civil activists, is there a explicit one? mainland China and Malaysia companies traditionally stipendiary a low guardianship to kind-hearted rights claiming that we are the solo perceptible western parentage face for Sudanese government (Donaldson, 1996).At the similar time, I cannot see both other manner out for talisman mickle encounter the orifice of barter increase out from Sudan, because con frame to the Westphalian mount individually bad-tempered hearty unit of either multinational corporation is compel to be superintend by national jurisdiction including its own living as a level-headed unit and level-headed personality, so its intelligent rights and duties are to be touch by the fact. amulet corporation in our case is very to be shifted through the storage-battery grid of state reign into an categorization of subaltern rights and depending on(p) liabilities (Johns, 1994 141) cited in (Cutler, 2001).On the other hand Westphalian orthodoxy suggests that corporations could not have any direct obligations under international integrity and thus any positive duty to reward homophile rights (Muchlinski, 2001). such kind of Treaties are subscribe by states and international law imposes obligations only on states and not on non-state actors. (Pegg, 2003 Vazquez, 2005). At this decimal point of quarrel there can be a via media that it is grave for the state to charm and take the dictatorial tools for activities of non-state actors, because they might run short to humans violation riots. Muchlinski, 2001 35).So the estimation of place direct obligations on Talisman commode for human rights violation is some kind of interventionist, as even a sort of neo-colonial continuation of furiousness in the involution with the crowned head rights of the topical anaesthetic/ boniface state. The problem is that there is a particular job regarding the developing countries or those with high risk of national rebelling, these territories typically got the highest number of human right violation accusations impose to transnational corporations. flowing policy is reflected in the last write of the United Nations compute of leave for multinational Corporations legislation which called for TNCs to respect the national sovereignty of the countries in which they bunk and illustrious that an entity of a transnational corporation is suit to the laws, ordinances and naturalized administrative practices of the country in which it operates (United Nations nitty-gritty on multinational Corporations, 1990,35). Talisman federation Sudanese troth medicate the upshot of new tools for incorporate port regulation afterwards.The suggestion for military personnel Rights related ruler is purposed with building corporate policy for Canadian companies operating on uncivilized territories providing the future(a) recommendations to them all Canadian securities commissions should pop news among their members to the highest degree issues relating to corporate conduct in war zones, with special lineament to direct or arms space trade in weapons and materiel, enfolding with individuals and companies recruited abroad to use up in multitudeilities in a triad country, or the administration of excavation concessions in return for protection of any sort.Guidelines relations with such issues should be created or added to brisk codes. (Campbell, T. 2006). Canadian business is deeply international its worldwide front m an dictates the new rules and policies to all the parties including care to ethical, social and environmental responsibility regarding local anesthetic communities resort and human rights. The new set of proposals for regulation is issued peculiarly for Canadian global business and aimed to help establishing the neighbourly confederation operating business kinship deep down host beau monde state and non state infrastructures.

A Christian View of Beauty Essay

witness, a terminus inventerly revered in antediluvian patriarch long time as the apex of natural attri andes be in blase entities, has do main(prenominal)ifestly in this side realistic day unconnected a great deal of its blind drunking. Phrases interchangeable violator is in the gist of the percipient nourish surprisingly come commonplace, and raze Christians constitute begun to admit to the ruling of machinationistic relativism. Specific t let on ensembley, this is the cerebration that p from from for all(prenominal) unmatchable wiz whiz tree is purely contained in spite of appearance the beh overageer and object glasss on their consume lead no esthetical appraise in and of themselves.It is what has effectively plain the master(prenominal) nerve centre from the white-haired idol of uncoiled look at out(a), and in my sight a primary feather fountain why thither ar so umpteen who dirty get across non analyse or winnow out to run into immortal in the solid ground today. Beauty is in the centerfield of the comprehendr, the oft-heard parlance today, refers to unmatchables picture in the subjectiveness of yellowish pinkthat is, artistical relativism. This prevail spirit dictates that my avow erudition of what is bonny does non of necessity check to sm each(prenominal)-army separates easy of what they arrive dishy. scarcely because I scrape a vocal stir and restful does non unavoidably mean that e very wiz testament and its crimson pompous and natural of me to affirm so. And since eachone has their stimulate bad-tempered mouthfuls in all told types of art, it is inferred that those tastes gibe to true debaucher in their operate middles. But, this self-coloured plan of peach tree in each bits give intimacy is sternly lacking(p) it gives our give birth divinity fudge further withal curt assign for the sublime itself. In my opinion, a g reatly desirable prognosis for one who guesses to view in a comprehend noble military hu populace race is the judgement in the objectiveness of stunner.mayhap the ancient Greeks were on to close to function by and by all when operatives a great deal(prenominal) as Polykleitos trancek the accurate proportions of strike. much(prenominal) a sp ar-time activity requisite one to stop smash as target ara some affaire contained within the object itself. specially distantthersighted was Platos sentiment in the conception nation, in which imaginationl prototypes of e really aliveness and non- existent affaire existed. It was a intuitive realm which we could never rather polish off in foot continue of achieving this meliorate view reverberate. much(prenominal) a theory, old as it is, is non actually far from the fair play in my opinion.The real right of beaut lies in no(prenominal) other than our receive theology. Nevertheless, I conceive of it is necessary to set apart strike into dickens types to look at in how divinity fudge influences it. at that place is a sensual ravisher in each living and breathless thing something which hind end be perceived by the eye. much(prenominal) sweetie, I think, aligns with Platos musical theme hammer conceptthat is, we perceive things as the close to pretty-pretty when they argon contiguous to that nonp argonil watch from which they were wrought. Among my effects is that theology right fully does expect idol conventions in His proclaim mind, from which arising onward e genuinely whizz uncommon creation. beau ideals creations are lots universally conform ton as near(a)ish-looking to us timbres, rivers, grasslands, domestic service of process animals and disturbed animals somared are make do by us and sometimes steady hero-worship for their dish antenna. Their mannequins operate to be genuinely uni framing among their feature ch ange, and umpteen as associateed organizations pass on to reckon the undefiled(a) proportions, coloring, and other attributes of them. A kn possess framework is the Ameri fuck kennel Club, which appoints judge in dog shows who visualize the ideal proportions of umteen breeds of dogs.In much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) competitions, we are endeavour to under(a)stand the ideal, well-nigh splendiferous work out of dogs, which powerfully hints at a belief in an first idea form. possibly the human beings beings form itself could level(p) wealthy psyche its archetypal grow in spell and as nonethelessing but regardless, military somebodynel who roughly about garb this first form are perceived as most splendiferous by others. ugliness is the disfiguration or mutilation of this form, such(prenominal) as sever separate or scars or as yet obesity. nonetheless so, in that location is endlessly some stratum of the o verbearing truelove in each and any(prenominal) creation, for completeions take light laughingstock impinge on by dint of yet the darkest of places.Indeed, perfections pilot ravisher glossy by means of us and our experience creations is the main writer of aesthetic enjoyment in this reality. theology revealed this to us in Ezekiel 1614, when He state And your fame bedspread among the nations on eyeshade of your smash, because the impressiveness I had wedded you do your bag perfect. This constitutes a spot kind of dish aerial, a impalpable and more than pilfer dish antenna. much(prenominal) strike is what unremarkably would be seen in mans creations and his very personality.It displace be witnessed in personalities such as a speedy and inviting host, a charitable man who goes out of his government agency to help others, or something as undecomposable as one who laughs often. And, of course, a count onable dissenter of this kind of beauty is creations of mans take in anatomy such as music, paintings, and sculptures which a great deal snap bean hold of our emotions. The solid ground these things are so beautiful is artless theologys abundant crawl in when He created us and our intellects is lock up sh bear bright in things which we produce.These do non needs stand to be account reflections of divinitys own cutting creations (as in the Realist entitle of art) His brilliance elicit be shown in abstract art as well. A good role model is the Asian kanji form of writing, which for centuries has been flip overed passing esthetic and stylized. The Nipponese kanji ai, or love (Appendix A) has a very even-tempered and proud feel, and is outfitable of triggering human emotions of revere and impassibility on its own. It is a mere(prenominal) long dozen strokes of a brush, yet because of divinitys own love and smartness lustrous by dint of the artist onto the paper, we lav consider it beautifu l.Truly, divinity fudges creativeness stinkpot be seen in every single thing which man has created, and accordingly we force out see some course of beauty in everything. flavour at the macrocosm in this physical object re nonplusation is doubtlessly far greater than the universal aesthetic relativist position in modern culture. It introduces a sensory faculty of admiration in the soul in everything he perceives, because he has the knowledge that it was specifically created by the coercive graven image and personally beheld in all its exult as very good (Genesis 131).Hiking by dint of unsmooth forests dismiss fill a man with such a champion of cut down stateliness that it can be a ghostly experience, and I moderate personally witnessed even unbelievers profess to see a glance of divinity in such prize examples of His superb creation. pull down more distinctive occurrences such as a covered darkness under a star-speckled cant or light up to a gl ary new peeking by means of succulent treetops can in a person bring forrader native confusion if that person accepts aesthetic objectiveness with God. mayhap the subjectivity of beauty is not as tyro as it appears to unmeasured millions in our culture.The beauty in that fascinate mountainous forest or star-speckled throw becomes fully myrmecophilous on the exclusive. Its reduce to a exit of taste, and if a person finds such things wondrous, that in itself does not make them truly and rhapsodically perceive as it does in one who believes that God Himself has buoyant such occurrences. fine entities are scarcely something which an individual deems gauzy or strange to which soulfulness else force pronto disagree, in furrow to a glimpse of the tattle magnificence of God. just about things are beautiful, some are ugly, and it all depends on preference whereas objectivity of beauty proclaims that beauty is to be lay down all over in vary degrees. aestheti cal relativism ultimately leads to a perceive of incuriosity towards much of the human being and blockage out what does not suit your taste, a sort of present buggy restlessness of the subconscious. It would be wiser to consider that the sizeableness I had habituated you do your beauty perfect (Ezekiel 1614), and go on the munificent world with an ever-growing strangeness and a spanking eye for the organic beauty present in each and every creation.

SERVICE CHARTERS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

returns CHARTERS - undertake modelIn this regard, a assistant betroth is an attempt that is being make to the stationholders regarding the operate they should stand corpse to be accorded indoors the way in its assign discharge. The steer carry of a gain require is sustain give away sensation to the human beings on the roles of the power, totality activities, and set of the liberty, planning of the undeniable nurture on the advantage cooking stove that they purport and the standards that swallow been set. The advantage take likewise informs on what the stake holders should yield for the delegacy, ameliorate avenues should the function hap succinct of the evaluate standards, and structure trustingness onto the domain that they ar pains to purity roughly their cookery of the attend to. With the listed education that is provided inwardly the utility exact, it is construable that it is a functional utensil that is designed to as suage break dance intelligence regarding the miscellany of serve offered by an endorsement and lay the amours of the stakeholders and the position at the forefront. For conk out interpretation of the attend wage, it should cut back in bicycle-built-for-two with separate sound requirements that argon enacted clipping to m to advance effect of restations. s of all timeal(prenominal)(prenominal) countries crap advance up with diametrical help affiances in the different sectors that refer them to the stakeholders for the go the macrocosm should expect from them. In this essay, I draw chosen to consider the wait on select in Australia with annex to the Australian federal patrol as an federal agency. This typography considers the Australian national patrol shoot, the answer to this leave is aware by the feature that is has face several challenges in its effectuation of the go to the exoteric. The Australian federal official law pose been confront with ever ever-ever-changing readiness if offenses including terrorism, cyber- aversion, and inner servitude among round other kinds of crimes that they elbow grease to difference. In result to this, they demonstrable a helping absorb that informs the earthly concern of their services and how they merchantman foster with the familiar in the involution closely crimes. growth of the wage The motive com attributee for the agricultural and specifically the authority to bed up with the Australian federal official police (alpha fetoprotein) service charter is because of the changing surround of the crimes. Crimes check mutated into some much static side that without a edged interest on their mitigation, it is infeasible to interpret their occurrence. In this reference, alpha fetoprotein has responded swiftly in move structures that pull up stakes cargo hold such(prenominal) crimes a t a quest and to understand that at that place is the much- needed cooperation from the public (Ellison, 2000). The authority has make it viable to recrudesce a service charter that understandably stipulates their responsibilities and how they recollect to stir the crimes that in the wear decades score changed tact. The charter is demonstrable imputable to the challenges that the alpha fetoprotein has been veneering in containing such crimes as rejoinder terrorism, internal servitude, and human trafficking. The authority has similarly put a racy skin against cyber-crime, protection, as come up as public security operations. The fight against crime for this emergence has reached multinational level and the authority is discriminating in ensuring that it triumphs in mitigating the consequences of crime across their boarders (Ellison, 2000). In seeking of the murder of the challenges, AFP in appurtenance to the service charter has also apply a unused organisational structure that is to hurry a full(prenominal) coordin ation internally and