The Hunters: Moonsong Chapter Thirty-Two

Twilight shone in the window, iluminating a long area of Elena's bed. Meredith had thrashed around for some time, yet now Elena could hear her consistent relaxing. It was acceptable that Meredith was dozing. She was depleting herself: turning out to be continually, watch ing consistently, ensuring al her weapons were in prime condition, wild with dissatisfaction that they couldn't locate any strong pieces of information concerning the kil er's personality. In any case, it was forlorn being the just one wakeful. Elena extended her legs under the sheets and flipped over her pil ow to lay her head on the cooler side. Branches tapped against the window, and Elena squirmed her shoulders against the sleeping cushion, attempting to quiet her bustling brain. She wished Bonnie would return home. The tapping on the window came back once more, of course, sharp authoritative raps. Gradually, it unfolded on Elena, somewhat late, that there weren't any trees whose branches contacted that window. Heart beating, she stayed up with a pant. Eyes pitch dark looked in the window, skin as pale as the evening glow. It took Elena's mind a moment to begin working once more, yet then she was up and opening the window. He was so speedy and smooth that when she shut the window and pivoted, Damon was situated on her bed, reclining on his elbows and looking all out y calm. â€Å"Some vampire tracker she is,† he said cool y, investigating at Meredith as she made a delicate whuffling sound into her pil ow. His look, however, was practically tender. â€Å"That's not fair,† Elena said. â€Å"She's exhausted.† â€Å"Someday her life may rely upon her remaining alarm in any event, when she's exhausted,† Damon said distinctly. â€Å"Okay, however today isn't that day,† Elena said. â€Å"Leave Meredith alone and tel me what you've gotten some answers concerning Zander.† Sitting down with folded legs on the bed close to him, she inclined forward to give Damon her ful consideration. Damon grasped her hand, gradually interweaving his fingers with hers. â€Å"I haven't got the hang of anything definite,† he stated, â€Å"but I have suspicions.† â€Å"What do you mean?† Elena stated, occupied. Damon was stroking her arm softly with his other hand, quill contacts, and she understood he was watching her intently, holding back to check whether she would protest. Deep down, she shrugged a bit. What did it make a difference, after al ? Stefan had left her; there was no explanation currently to drive Damon away. She looked over at Meredith, yet the dull haired young lady was stil profoundly sleeping. Damon's dim eyes sparkled in the evening glow. He appeared to detect what she was thinking, since he inclined nearer to her on the bed, pul ing her cozily against him. â€Å"I need to examine a little more,† Damon said. â€Å"There's certainly something off about him and those young men he goes around with. They're excessively quick, for a certain something. In any case, I don't believe Bonnie's in any quick danger.† Elena hardened in his arms. â€Å"What verification do you have of that?† she inquired. â€Å"And it's not simply Bonnie. In the event that anybody's at serious risk, they must be our top priority.† â€Å"I'l watch them, don't worry.† He laughed, a dry, cozy sound. â€Å"He and Bonnie are absolutely drawing near. She appears besotted.† Elena turned away from his cautious hands, feeling on edge. â€Å"If he could be hazardous, if there's anything off about him the manner in which you state, we need to caution her about him. We can't simply sit by watching and hanging tight for him to accomplish something incorrectly. By at that point, it may be too late.† Damon pul ed her back to him, his hand level and consistent against her side. â€Å"You effectively took a stab at notice Bonnie, and that didn't work, did it? For what reason would she hear you out since she's invested more energy with him, holding with him, and nothing awful's happened to her?† He shook his head. â€Å"It won't work, princess.† â€Å"I simply wish we could do something,† Elena said hopelessly. â€Å"If I had gotten a glance at the bodies,† Damon said attentive y, â€Å"I may have a greater amount of a thought of what could be behind this. I guess breaking into the funeral home is out of the question?† Elena thought about this. â€Å"I think they've presumably discharged the bodies by now,† she said far fetched y, â€Å"and I don't know where they'd take them next. Wait!† She sat upright. â€Å"The grounds security office would have something, wouldn't they? Records, or possibly photos of Christopher's and Samantha's bodies? The grounds officials were al over the wrongdoing scenes before the police got there.† â€Å"We can look at it tomorrow, certainly,† Damon said easygoing y. â€Å"If it wil cause you to feel better.† His voice and articulation were practically unengaged, provokingly thus, and by and by, Elena felt the unusual blend of want and aggravation that Damon regularly started in her. She needed to push him away and pul him closer simultaneously. She had nearly chosen pushing him away when he went to glance her ful in the face. â€Å"My poor Elena,† he said in a relieving mumble, his eyes flickering in the evening glow. He ran a delicate hand up her arm, shoulder, and neck, stopping tenderly against her facial structure. â€Å"You can't escape from the dull animals, can you, Elena? Regardless of how you attempt. Go to another spot, locate another monster.† He stroked her face with one finger. His words were practically ridiculing, yet his voice was delicate and his eyes shone with feeling. Elena squeezed her cheek against his hand. Damon was exquisite and astute, and something in him addressed the dull, mystery part of her. She was unable to deny that she was attracted to him †that she'd generally been attracted to him, in any event, when they initially met and he terrified her. Also, Elena had cherished him since that winter night when she got up as a vampire and he thought about her, ensured her, and instructed her what she had to know. Stefan had left her. There was no motivation behind why she shouldn't do this. â€Å"I would prefer consistently not to escape from the dull animals, Damon,† she said. He was quiet for a second, his hand stroking her cheek automatical y, and afterward he kissed her. His lips resembled cool silk against hers, and Elena felt as though she had been meandering for quite a long time in a desert and had last y been given a virus drink of water. She kissed him harder, relinquishing his hand to twine her fingers through his delicate hair. Pul ing ceaselessly from her mouth, Damon kissed her neck delicately, hanging tight for authorization. Elena dropped her head back to give him better access. She heard Damon's breath murmur through his teeth, and he investigated her eyes for a second, his face delicate and more open than she'd at any point seen it, before he brought down his face to her neck once more. The twin wasp stings of his teeth hurt for a second, and afterward she was sliding through obscurity, fol owing a strip of throbbing delight that drove her as the night progressed, drove her to Damon. She felt his delight and miracle at having her in his arms without blame, without hold. Consequently she let him feel her bliss in him and her disarray over needing him and stil adoring Stefan, her torment at Stefan's nonattendance. There was no blame, not presently, however there was a colossal Stefan-formed gap in her heart, and she let Damon see it. It's good, Elena, she felt from him, not exactly in words, however in an unshakable happiness, similar to the murmur of a feline. All I need is this.

Old World Monkeys - Cercopithecidae

Old World Monkeys - Cercopithecidae Old World monkeys (Cercopithecidae) are a gathering of simians local to Old World areas including Africa, India and Southeast Asia. There are 133 types of Old World monkeys. Individuals from this gathering incorporate macaques, geunons, talapoins, lutungs, surilis, doucs, censure nosed monkeys, proboscis monkey, and langurs. Old World monkeys are medium to huge in size. A few animal groups are arboreal while others are earthbound. The biggest of all Old World monkeys is the mandrill which can weigh as much as 110 pounds. The littlest Old World monkey is the talapoin which weighs around 3 pounds. Old World monkeys are commonly stocky in fabricate and have fore appendages that are in many species shorter than rear appendages. Their skull is vigorously furrowed and they have a long platform. Practically all species are dynamic during the day (diurnal) and are differed in their social practices. Numerous Old World monkey species structure little to medium measured gatherings with complex social structure. The hide of Old World monkeys is regularly dark or earthy colored in shading albeit a couple of animal categories have brilliant markings or progressively beautiful hide. The surface of the hide isn't luxurious nor is it wooly. The palms of the hands and bottoms of the feet in Old World monkeys are bare. One distinctive trait of Old World monkeys is that most species have tails. This recognizes them from the gorillas, who don't have tails. In contrast to New World monkeys, the tails of Old World monkeys are not prehensile. There are various different attributes that recognize Old World monkeys from New World monkeys. Old World monkeys are relatively bigger than the New World monkeys. They have nostrils that are situated near one another and have a descending confronting nose. Old World monkeys have two premolars that have sharp cusps. They additionally have opposable thumbs (like the chimps) and they have nails on all fingers and toes. New World monkeys have a falt nose (platyrrhine) and nostrils that are situated far separated and open either side of the nose. They additionally have three premolars. New World monkeys have thumbs that are in accordance with their fingers and hold with a scissor-like movement. They don't have fingernails with the exception of certain species that have a nail on their biggest toe. Proliferation: Old World monkeys have a development time of somewhere in the range of five and seven months. Youthful are very much evolved when they are conceived and females normally bring forth a solitary posterity. Old World monkeys arrive at sexual development at around five years old. The genders frequently look very changed (sexual dimorphism). Diet: Most types of Old World monkeys are omnivores despite the fact that plants structure the bigger segment of their eating regimen. A few gatherings are essentially veggie lover, living on leaves, products of the soil. Old World monkeys additionally eat creepy crawlies, earthly snails and little vertebrates. Characterization: Old World monkeys are a gathering of primates. There are two subgroups of Old World monkeys, the Cercopithecinae and the Colobinae. The Cercopithecinae incorporate essentially African species, for example, mandrills, monkeys, white-eyelid mangabeys, peaked mangabeys, macaques, guenons, and talapoins. The Colobinae incorporate for the most part Asian species (in spite of the fact that the gathering includes a couple of African animal types also, for example, high contrast colobuses, red colobuses, langurs, lutungs, surilis doucs, and scorn nosed monkeys. Individuals from the Cercopithecinae have cheek pockets (otherwise called buccal sacs) that are utilized to store food. Since their eating regimen is very shifted, Cercopithecinae have non-specific molars and huge incisors. They have basic stomachs. Numerous types of Cercopithecinae are earthly, albeit a couple are arboreal. The facial muscles in Cercopithecinae are all around created and outward appearances are utilized to impart social conduct. Individuals from the Colobinae are folivorous and need cheek pockets. They have complex stomachs.

Business Intelligence (SLP) Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Business Intelligence (SLP) - Coursework Example Business Intelligence frameworks use apparatuses to accumulate, store, break down and present information which is then used to make business procedures. Business knowledge frameworks use undertaking wide information which limits the requirement for specialized and administrative staff. One of the top players in the field of business insight is SAP which has created apparatuses basically in three classes to help dynamic; the classifications incorporate execution streamlining applications, business knowledge stage bundles and bundles for little and medium measured organizations. The information accumulated through business knowledge is spread over an assortment of areas in a business setting, for example, the advertising division, account office, tasks and so on. So as to take educated, vital choices there is a requirement for this information to be organized in an easy to understand way. Customarily, the IT division in any association would permit the utilization of organized reports from different offices which in spite of the fact that would introduce the data yet the joining of the data would be an awkward procedure. This is the place the SAP Crystal Interactive Analysis Desktop Edition (some time ago known as SAP Business Objectsâ„ ¢ Interactive Analysis, Desktop release) comes in. The Desktop release offers self-support information get to, numerous source information examination and confided in understanding. This device permits business directors to grow specially appointed, intuitive reports which can help answer the consistently advancing busines s questions. SAP Crystal Interactive Analysis doesn't just permit the business supervisors to see data dependent on the necessities of the particular issue close by yet permits them to lead an investigation of the data introduced. The Interactive Analysis instrument enables its clients to direct possibility based investigation of business basic data. It permits the leaders to consolidate numerous sorts of information from various sources. For instance, a creation chief can get to

Essay Topics For Your Success

Essay Topics For Your SuccessExpressing yourself, so to speak, is the perfect way to engage in an academic career. Expressing yourself is an important part of discovering your passions and communicating it to the world.Today, a large number of essay topics have become available on the Internet and many offer popular essay topics that have already been tested by students for years. This has led to a number of bright students being discouraged from taking the test and submitting their essay because they don't have all the time they need to test their essays. However, a few tips can help you avoid having to spend a great deal of time testing your essays.Most essay topics are offered online for free. Some are very well-reviewed and others are only taken out for review purposes by those who know the subject. Therefore, while a few may be of use, many are simply limited to students who have enough time to make tests of their essays.The topic has to be easy enough for you to remember and th ink about without having to spend much time reviewing the topic. If you are using a course textbook or any other kind of book that requires reference to other sources, make sure that you are familiar with the sources you're reading. It is essential that you pay attention to your essay topic in order to do well on your tests.You can find a number of different essay testing tools online that can test your essay at various points in its development. Test prep software can keep track of the chapters that are most helpful in helping you to write well, as well as the key words you should use to make your essay readable. Make sure that the test preparation software you use is one that you understand and don't get intimidated by.Several of the essay topics that are available online are of a very specific topic and will likely help you to focus your essay on that subject. Thereare also essay topics that have been accepted by the College Board or other organizations, such as ones with essay p rompts that ask students to 'explore and represent.' You should pay attention to your essay topics because there is no guarantee that your topic will remain in place throughout the entire process.When taking an essay test, remember that the test is not the test. They aren't meant to make you pass or fail; rather, it is meant to help you analyze your own writing and determine what you really like about it. Once you've finished writing your essay, the results will provide you with valuable information on how to improve on it and demonstrate your potential for future success.

Vaccinations for Young Children - 776 Words

Throughout history people have seen many public health innovations. Numerous advancements were made between 2001 and 2010. These advancements include â€Å"tobacco control, motor vehicle safety, public health preparedness and response, and occupational safety.† (Ten Great Public Health Achievements --- United States, 2001—2010) One of the most important innovations was vaccine preventable diseases. Many people believe that it is right for the government to necessitate children to be vaccinated. Others think it is wrong and that the parents should decide what is best for their children’s health. It is beneficial for the United States government to require young children in the United States to get vaccinations including hepatitis A and B,†¦show more content†¦Know the Risks and Failures.) But there are symptoms that a parent should watch for and identify to help the child. Also, the chance of a young person actually â€Å"having a severe reaction is on e in a million.† (Why Vaccinate.) â€Å"93.4% of parents will or already have fully vaccinated their children.† (Why Vaccinate.) â€Å"Most health insurance plans cover the cost of vaccines.† (How to Pay.) Though if a person does not have health insurance â€Å"The Vaccines For Children (VFC) program is a federally funded program that provides vaccines at no cost to children who might not otherwise be vaccinated because of inability to pay.† (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.) â€Å"According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, every $1 spent on vaccination saves the public $6.30 in medical costs that would result from having to treat unvaccinated diseased individuals.† (ProCon.org.) â€Å"Vaccines are promoted primarily to generate profits for manufacturers and financial donations for medical organizations that endorse vaccines.† (ProCon.org.) In America, people have the right to practice any religion. Sometimes ther e are religious beliefs that interfere with what the government wants people to do. If parents do not want their children to have shots because it is against their religion or philosophical reason, there are many states in the U.S. that excuse them from having to get their children vaccinated. â€Å"All 50 states issue medical exemptions, 48 statesShow MoreRelatedVaccination Shots Is Too More Expensive Than Just Money837 Words   |  4 PagesVaccination shots occurs for only a short and quick time. That does not cost much out of pocket. Most health insurances cover the cost of all the necessary vaccine shots required for children to attend school. However, the cost of refusing vaccinations is far more expensive than just money. The refusal of vaccinations also cost a heart wrenching sight of watching your child go through agonizing pain. Vaccinations protect children from painful, life-threatening diseases like the whooping cough. Read MoreVaccines And Immunizations On Children A nd Their Development952 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Vaccines are harmful to children they cause Autism, allergies, and death.† We have all heard someone say gruesome things about Vaccines and Immunizations, but what is the truth? In my research I have found that vaccines and immunizations can cause harmful effects on children and their development, but I have also gathered that they can cause a safer environment. Immunizations and vaccines are two different things, which is very misunderstood making parents stop vaccinations and immunizations to theirRead MoreVaccinations, Do They Protect Or Are They Harmful?904 Words   |  4 PagesTo Vaccinate, or not to Vaccinate Vaccinations, do they protect or are they harmful? This is a question that every parent ponders when it is time to inject their children with medicines. Since vaccinations first began being administered in 1800s there have been those who protest them and those who stand behind them. It is a parents choice to have their children vaccinated or to opt out of vaccinations. A vaccine or immunization is a dose administered by either injection, orally or sometimes nasallyRead MoreVaccines Are Not Only Safe881 Words   |  4 Pages On the side of defending vaccinations, many people, as well as myself, stand firm in our beliefs, that vaccinations are good. The fact of the matter is there wouldn’t be such thing as vaccinations if they didn’t work. I believe a lot of the troubles come from the Autism scare, which I do understand is a frightening thought for a lot of parents, but with countless studies conducted and all pointing to a negative correlation of the two, I think its time to stop using that as an excuse, with StevenRead MorePromoting A Child s Safety Is The Main Goal Of Any Parent1250 Words   |  5 Pagesmain goal of any parent. Having children become vaccinated can allow the child to be protected from many common illnesses. Common vaccinations that most children are able to get at a young age can help cure problems that occur both early on and later in life. With these vaccinations, science has come great ways to keeping children safe and happy. Although there are risks for children who are receiving them, having a child vaccinated is the best way to keep children from becoming very ill. Many commonRead MoreAbove are a list of vaccinations that â€Å"must† be administered before entrance into a public school1500 Words   |  6 Pagesare a list of vaccinations that â€Å"must† be administered before entrance into a public school in Ohio. However, the administration of these vaccinations can easily be stopped if a parent/guardians religious, or moral views contradict their child receiving the vaccination. When new mother Chelsea Crawford was asked how she would feel if her son was in class with an unvaccinated child she explained she would be nervous. She would be nervous not only for her child but all the children and their familiesRead MoreThe Importance of Vaccinations for Childrens Health821 Words   |  3 PagesWhy do we have vaccinations? Is it so that vaccinations help people not get diseases and can help people get over what they have? Vaccinations are a good thing to have so that it helps to stop a virus and not get other people around you sick. Many people believe that vaccinations are good things to get. Vaccinations can save your children’s life because of all the advantages in medical science. Children all over the world can or could have been protected by many diseases and cure the diseases.Read MoreVaccines And Its Effects On Children1400 Words   |  6 PagesVaccines have changed the life of children with making some illnesses obsolete. The majority of parents are making sure that their children get vaccinated against potentially serious diseases. The parents that get their children vaccinated are trying to prevent the reoccurrence of these deadly illnesses. The problem arises when you have these children that have not been vaccinated around children not of age to get the vaccine for a particular disease. The older children get the disease and give it toRead MoreEssay on Vaccines: The Best Choice for Our Children?1165 Words   |  5 Pagespart in the recommended vaccination schedule for their children. Many parents worry about what they do not know about the vaccine s. This can include concepts such as what is in the vaccine and how the vaccines themselves, or giving multiple vaccines within a short span of time, affects their children. How combination vaccines such as DTAP and MMRV affect their children’s immune systems or other body systems could be another worry of parents. Today, newborns and young children are routinely vaccinatedRead MoreImportance Of Immunisations And Vaccination833 Words   |  4 PagesImmunisations and vaccinations are cautionary practises that uses the body’s natural defence mechanism, also known as the immune response to become immune to various diseases and infections. A vaccination is just receiving a vaccine, whereas an immunisation is receiving a vaccine but also becoming immune to the disease by being vaccinated. The way this is done is by injecting a patient with a small / diluted or weakened dose of the disease or virus. The dose is small and weak enough to allow the

Why Should We Intervene - 1748 Words

You are waiting for a flight to Dubai at an airport and then suddenly, BOOM! A bomb explodes killing a group of tourists instantly, BOOM! Another one explodes causing a subway station to explode. Screams and blood fill the airport and subway as you run for your life. Military and police with assault rifles pour into the building, as people are evacuated from a plane that just landed. A swarm of ambulances and EMS workers go inside the building with first aid kits and huge bags over their shoulders. A woman sits on the side of the road, crying over her unconscious husband. A huge threat to human society and the world. Spreading fear and brutality around the world, with their horrific deeds. Like moths to a flame, people join this group and spread terror and massacre many people, like in Paris, Brussels, and San Bernardino. The question is, should we intervene? Or should we leave other nations to deal with this growing problem? World leaders are debating whether or not to declare wa r on ISIS. Should the U.S intervene with this war against terror? Or shall we leave other nations to deal with this threat to humanity? A hard decision to make, with multiple consequences, but with multiple benefits, declaring war against ISIS can be a disastrous or a beneficial decision that the U.S can make. ISIS (Islamic State of Iraq and Syria) , also known as ISIL is a terrorist group that was founded by â€Å"Abu Musab al-Zarqawi in 1999† according to a google search conducted. â€Å"TheShow MoreRelatedEssay on U.S. Intervention1563 Words   |  7 PagesShould the United States enter into military intervention in foreign countries for humanitarian reason? Why? Why not? Under what conditions should the U.S. intervene if at all? History has been shown to repeat itself, and if we dont learn from it, we are doomed to repeat it. We have watched many genocides happen within the last decade, some of which the U.S. has intervened, and in some cases where they have not. The United States should not intervene in foreign countries for humanitarian reasonsRead MoreBystander Effect Theory Essay775 Words   |  4 PagesThe Bystander Effect Theory Have you seen a group of children bullying or pushing around another child? Did you stand by and watch the situation and not intervene? If so, even with such a minor situation, you fell into the bystander effect theory. The bystander effect happens every day in our lives and dates all the way back to the Holocaust and even further back in history. The bystander effect theory is a psychological phenomenon were people do not help others in emergency situations whenRead MorePablic Administration Essay1671 Words   |  7 Pageswith this claim: â€Å"The U.S. should return to the 55- mph speed limit in order to conserve fuel and save lives.†    Include in the map as many warrants, backings, objections, and rebuttals as possible. â€Å"The U.S. should return to the 55- mph speed limit in order to conserve fuel and save lives.†    Supports Cars are most fuel efficient when driven between 30 mph and 60 mph. Above 65 mph, mileage drops sharply. This isnt rocket science. If drivers are forced to slow down, we would all use less gasolineRead MoreThe Bystander Effect Essays1305 Words   |  6 PagesAsynchronous The Bystander Effect If you saw someone being attacked on the street, would you help? Many of us would quickly say yes we would help because to state the opposite would say that we are evil human beings. Much research has been done on why people choose to help and why others choose not to. The bystander effect states that the more bystanders present, the less likely it is for someone to help. Sometimes a bystander will assume that becauseRead MoreRace And Race Essay957 Words   |  4 Pagesresearch has attempted to examine the different types of abuse as well as the factors that lead less men to report these incidents (James, 2003; Douglas Hines 2011). Social Norms Why are men less likely to report cases of intimate partner violence (IPV)? One reason could be that the current social norms dictate that men should be more tolerant of the abuse and reporting would make them less ‘manly’. Some research has even shown that women use physical violence at higher rates than men (Archer, 2000)Read MoreThe Ethical Dilemma Faced By The Managers At The Law Firm918 Words   |  4 Pagessecret to himself. The firm’s main reason for firing Andrew was because of panic. The managers feared the deadly disease. However, they discriminated against Andrew by firing him merely because of his condition. Instead of firing Andrew, the managers should have adopted a better way of protecting the rest of the employees from contracting the disease. 3. How is the fact that Andrew concealed his illness relevant to the case? The fact that Andrew concealed his illness is relevant to the case becauseRead MoreGovernment Intervention And Its Effect On Foreign Markets Essay1310 Words   |  6 Pagesa decision to expand into foreign markets, careful considerations must be given to some keys factors such as the political and economic environment, costs, benefits and risks. The economic environment can alter from one country to another, this is why they are often divided into three different categories. The more developed, the less developed and the emerging economies. 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Some of thes e include the Spanish American War, The US Occupation of Haiti, The US Intervention of Dominican Republic, The US Intervention in Yugoslavia, The US Invasion of Invasion of Iraq, and many more. We believe that by setting up guidelines and rules about when to intervene, and how to intervene, we can more effectively solveRead MoreWhy Would We Choose to Not Help During a Crisis? Essay1128 Words   |  5 PagesHave we become a nation of uncaring and selfish people or are our actions just misunderstood? Barbara E Reid is a professor of New Testament studies and she wrote an article about the kindness of strangers for the periodical America Press. In the first paragraph the article explains some of the reasons we may not stop to help a stranger. â€Å"There are all kinds of good reasons for not stopping to help a stranger: I have other pressing obligations. It’s dangerous—what if the robbers are still lurking

European l Accounting Auditing And Finance -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The European L Accounting Auditing And Finance? Answer: Introducation On 7th April 2017, Ms. Inshanalli was sentenced to three and a half years as a punishment for engaging in fraudulent activities (R. v. Inshanalli, 2017). Prior to the judgement She had pleaded guilty to the offences on during one of the court hearings. In her judgement Justice Peter C. West revealed that the offender had in the previous years participated in several fraudulent activities which even included going against a court order that prohibited her from taking any form of accounting jobs while on probation from the previous charges. Ms Inshanalli was employed by the victim between April 2014 and January 2016, during the period she fraudulently wrote herself 134 cheques which were not authorised each cheque was of an amount between $ 1456 to $ 5839. She worked as a bookkeeper during her employment tenure with the victim and took the opportunity to forge the signature of Gerard Waslens as a way of authenticating her frauds. Ms. Inshanalli had a history of defrauding unsuspecting clients and employers who put their trusts in her. On May 2004 she was given a conditional sentence for defrauding 407 ETR an amount totalling $750000 while working for them in Newmarket. The same behaviours were replicated between the year 2010 and 2012 when she defrauded her employer Sherwood Innovations of $141000. In many of the cases the offender took an opportunity of the trust the employers put on her as a bookkeeper to steal from them. Theoretic Analysis In trying to understand the mindset of fraudsters several theories have been explored. The aim is to gain an insight of how and why fraudulent activities occur. In this analysis some of the theories will be highlighted. The Fraud Triangle This is a combination of three situations which when converged can make an honest person turn to fraudulent activities (The Fraud Triangle, n.d.). The factors are: Perceived pressure; this is the primary motivation behind the fraud. The trusted person sometimes experiences financial issues that she/he may not be able to solve in a legal manner hence consideration of fraud. Perceived opportunity; The trust put in the individuals normally give them an avenue to still by abusing their trust. Rationalization; fraudsters are normally not criminals by career hence have a personal justification for carrying out the offence (Johnson, 2004). Ms. Inshanalli had very many previous records of fraud from the year 2004 to 2016. In almost all the companies she had been employed in she found a chance to breach her contract and steal money from them. despite the numerous cases surrounding her during her trials she pleaded guilty of the offences which showed signs of remorse, in addition she went ahead to make a voluntary restitution payment. She blamed the pressure to a company her friends to casinos and her gambling addiction as the reason behind her actions (R. v. Inshanalli, 2017). The gambling addiction has been proven by the court when it was discovered that she had initially been put under psychiatric care to assist he overcome it. The Fraud Scale This theory was introduced in 1984 and it replaces the fraud triangle idea of rationalization with ethics and integrity (ACFI Fraud Manual 8th Edition. ). A persons integrity is judged by the commitment to adhere to ethical standards in decision making. In such cases the people rarely engage in fraud. By assessing the individuals integrity, it's therefore possible to gauge the fraud scale. When an individual with low integrity are exposed to high opportunity and high pressure their chances of engaging in fraud becomes very likely. The issue of integrity is reflected in the case of Ms. Inshanalli. She goes against the court order to sat away from the bookkeeping jobs, in addition she is repeatedly involved in fraud in the various companies she worked for (R. v. Inshanalli, 2017). With this we can claim that Ms. Inshanalli is a person of low integrity and give little space for ethics. The judge decision to put her in jail rather than on probation therefore seems justified. Part 2: Illuminating Rationalization with Behavioural Science The rational theory is applicable in criminology to try explaining why individual indulge in criminal behaviours. As the case with fraud triangle its is characterised by three main assumptions; offenders regard themselves as people, people tend to optimise their objectives and people have self-interests. The rationale behind the rationalization theory is that crimes are selected based on their advantages over the costs. should the outcome of a crime outweigh the consequence then the crime will be committed. In the Inshanalli case the objective was to satisfy the gambling desire. The offenders previous convictions were light, and she even managed to maneuver and get another job regardless of her probation status. To her the cost of her crimes was minimal just being kept on probations and so she chose to continue exploiting her employers. As per the rationalization theory the low cost of the actions triggered further frauds. Conclusion The fraud theories discussed above are all geared towards highlighting the rationale behind criminal behavior. Ms. Inshanalli is presented with an opportunity as a bookkeeper. She had a superb knowledge of accounting which she could easily use to cover up her behaviours. In addition to this the offender had a gambling addiction and the urge to accompany friends to casinos these factors contributed to the occurrence of the frauds. As per the rationalisation theory the offender had a past record of frauds which were classified as massive with heavy consequences but ended up attracting minor charges. With this the cost of fraud was lowered to the point that the benefits she derives outweighed them. To fully understand the fraud cases its essential to identify the nature of the fraudster to optimise the illustrations of the theories in explaining the behaviours (Gbegi, 2013). References ACFI Fraud Manual 8th Edition. . (n.d.). Association of Certified Forensic Investigators of Canada. Gbegi, J. A. (2013). The New Fraud Diamond Model How Can It Help Forensic Accountants in Fraud Investigations In Nigeria? . European Journal of Accounting Auditing and Finance , 133. Johnson, J. G. (2004). Southeast Decision Science Institute. Retrieved from The Fraud Diamond vs. Fraud Triangle Analytics: Evaluating Capability as a Modification for Auditing Unstructured Enterprise Data: https://www.sedsi.org/2013_Conference/proc/proc/P121012004.pdf Inshanalli, 2017 ONCJ 234 (Central East Region: Oshawa 16-33970 April 07, 2017). The Fraud Triangle. (n.d.). Retrieved from The Association of Fraud Examiners : https://www.acfe.com/fraud-triangle.asp

Role of the mass media in creating moral panics about crime and deviance free essay sample

The news media are one of our main sources of knowledge about crime and deviance. Often the media will create a moral panic surrounding crimes and criminals or deviants. Moral panics can lead to a range of responses by the public, by agents of social control and by the criminals or deviants themselves. Over-representation of certain types of crimes may lead to heightened fear of these crimes by the public. In some cases, moral panics may also result in a change in the law. 01. Using material from Item A and elsewhere, assess sociological explanations of the role of the mass media in creating moral panics about crime and deviance (21 marks). The Media are often the subject of claims that they cause crime and deviance through their devotion to exaggerating the truth in order to have a â€Å"newsworthy† story. Often it is the case that the media will play an important role in what Durkheim would say is maintaining the boundaries of society, reaffirming what is socially acceptable, and what is not. We will write a custom essay sample on Role of the mass media in creating moral panics about crime and deviance or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Durkheim would also say that all change starts with deviance, and the media highlighting this deviance on the world stage helps to excite and increase the rate of social change, which as suggested in the item, can lead to changes in law. Examples of this have been seen with public displays of homosexuality in countries where homosexual marriage is illegal, or disallowed. This kind of deviance is picked up by the media, and projected on a world stage in the name of news, and appeals to the world’s sense of equality and liberalism. So, while Functionalists would say the news plays an important function in society as a tool to catalyst social change, others would argue that it actually victimises a lot of people. This is seen with Cohen’s work on Folk Devils and Moral panics, in which a person with new norms, values or morals- or even all three, comes along and challenges societies accepted ones. This kind of challenge is met harshly and the new group, or person, is outcasted. They’re cut off from society as a folk devil and victimised for being different. This was seen in the study of the Drug Takers by Jock Young. The Hippies he undertook a participant observation with were using drugs as a peripheral activity, in which nobody was being hurt and nobody was using them too often. The media picked up this criminal and deviant activity, and called for a tough crackdown. The authorities and agents of social control, as mentioned in the item, such as the Police for example, then respond by targeting the group, leading to more arrests, and the label of â€Å"junkies† and â€Å"druggies† being applied to the group. Over time, the once peripheral activity has morphed into being a centralised underground activity which the group subscribe to as part of their self fulfilling prophecy, or as Lemert would say, they subscribe to secondary deviance. In this example, the peripheral drug taking was a primary act of deviance, and the acceptance of the label and underground centralisation of drug taking has become the secondary, societal reaction to the act of deviance. In this way, the media has had a negative impact on crime and deviance by increasing the frequency of the acts of deviance, and raising the official statistics of drug related arrests due to police targeting, among other agencies of social control. But that’s only part of the story. The media have contributed in an even more detrimental way in the past. Particularly in the case of the Mods and Rockers at Clacton. In this case, acts of violence between two groups were reported on by the media, and the police were called upon to crack down on the deviance and misbehaviour. They went as far as to predict the next time that the event of mass-deviance/criminality between the two groups would take place, and thus invited unknowingly, more participants to the violence. The following event, as with the prediction, was far worse, far bigger, and better covered. Thus, the effect was seen that the problem was bigger than first thought and that the behaviour of the mods and the rockers was categorised and reported on in such a way that others, who were fence-sitters, or indifferent to the typification were asked, or sometimes forced, to subscribe to one of the two groups. Both groups were then stigmatised by society and outcast, and frustration repeatedly came out as violence thereafter. Once again, the media has caused a moral panic, and in this case deviance amplification spiral. The main criticisms of these arguments however are as follows, Durkheim is criticised for being naive to crime of the wider power structure by Marxists, in that he ignores who decides what is criminal and not. Neo Marxists would go as far as to say that some crimes however, are aimed at political/social change too, and would agree with Durkheim in that sense. Durkheim is also criticised for saying that a certain amount of crime in society is inevitable and useful, or functional, because it performs that boundary maintenance which the media help to propagate, however he does not say how much is enough, and there’s no set point where it ends. Cohen’s amplification spiral is criticised on that very point too, in that the amplification spiral by his description should carry on forever, and not be stopped, yet in reality news stories die down due to one of the characteristics of the news being immediacy, or how recent something is. It is my opinion, that the media are a cause of moral panics as the evidence seems overwhelming. There have been cases where the media has had a positive effect, that’s true, but in my opinion it’s a generally negative effect they display. They seems to thrive off demonizing and victimising deviants, which perhaps some realists, particularly right realists would agree with. However, I believe labelling has a much larger effect on societal crime and deviance than first estimated, and as such my conclusion is that the media plays an important role in creating moral panics about crime and deviance.

University of Hartford Admissions and Acceptance Rate

University of Hartford Admissions and Acceptance Rate The University of Hartford is largely accessible, accepting 72  percent of the applicants. Learn more about what it takes to be accepted. Calculate your chances of getting in with this free tool from Cappex. University of Hartford Description Chartered in 1957, the University of Hartford is a private university located in West Hartford, Connecticut. Students come from 48 states and 62 countries. Undergraduates can choose from over 100 programs from the universitys seven colleges. Communication Studies and Medical Radiologic Technology are the most popular. The University of Hartford values personal attention, something they support with a healthy 12 to 1 student / faculty ratio  and an average class size of 22 students. On the athletic front, the Hartford Hawks compete in the NCAA Division I America East Conference. The university fields 9 mens and 9 womens intercollegiate sports. Admissions Data (2016) University of Hartford Acceptance Rate: 72  percentGPA, SAT and ACT Graph for Hartford AdmissionsTest Scores: 25th / 75th PercentileSAT Critical Reading: 460 / 580SAT Math: 460 / 580What these SAT numbers meanCompare SAT scores for Connecticut collegesAmerica East Conference SAT score comparisonACT Composite: 20  / 26Compare ACT scores for Connecticut collegesAmerica East Conference ACT score comparison Enrollment (2016) Total Enrollment: 6,714  (5,150 undergraduates)Gender Breakdown: 49 percent male / 51 percent female88% Full-time Costs (2016 -17) Tuition and Fees: $37,790Books: $972  (why so much?)Room and Board: $11,986Other Expenses: $2,382Total Cost: $53,130 University of Hartford Financial Aid (2015 -16) Percentage of New Students Receiving Aid: 98  percentPercentage of New Students Receiving Types of AidGrants: 98 percentLoans: 75  percentAverage Amount of Aid​Grants: $21,219Loans: $9,960 Academic Programs Most Popular Majors:  Accounting, Business Administration, Communication Studies, Criminal Justice, Early Childhood Education, Finance, General Studies, Graphic Design, Mechanical Engineering, Music, Psychology, Radiologic Technology What major is right for you?  Sign up to take the free My Careers and Majors Quiz at Cappex. Graduation and Retention Rates First Year Student Retention (full-time students): 75 percentTransfer-out Rate: 34 percent4-Year Graduation Rate: 48  percent6-Year Graduation Rate: 60 percent Intercollegiate Athletic Programs Mens Sports:  Baseball, Basketball, Lacrosse, Golf, Track and Field, Cross Country, Tennis, SoccerWomens Sports:  Softball, Volleyball, Tennis, Track and Field, Basketball, Golf, Soccer If You Like the University of Hartford, You May Also Like These Schools: Drexel University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphIthaca College: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphBoston University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphTemple University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphQuinnipiac University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphUniversity of New Haven: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphNew York University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphStony Brook University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphBinghamton University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphSouthern Connecticut State University: Profile  University of Connecticut: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphAdelphi University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT Graph University of Hartford Mission Statement: mission statement from http://new.hartford.edu/aboutuofh/mission.aspx As a private university with a public purpose, we engage students in acquiring the knowledge, skills, and values necessary to thrive in, and contribute to, a pluralistic, complex world. Data Source: National Center for Educational Statistics

The frontier of modern astronomy Research Paper

The frontier of modern astronomy - Research Paper Example Cosmology is the study of the universe as a whole, with particular consideration on the creation and development of the universe. While even the most cutting-edge astronomy is not able to definitively determine the age of the universe, or how it was created there exist a number of modern theories that attempt to tackle these issues. The current overriding understanding emerges from the Big Bang Theory, which has come to be accepted amongst most astronomers due to the overwhelming evidence in its favor. The core of the Big Bang Theory is that approximately 13 billion years ago, the universe suddenly exploded into existence during an occurrence that is now referred to as the Big Bang. It is unknown what occurred exactly before the Big Bang, as this was not an explosion in space and time, but was an explosion of space and time. â€Å"For a fraction of a second 10-34 to 10-32, the universe expanded at faster than the speed of light, driven by ‘anti-gravity’. At 10-10 to 10- 6, both quarks and anti-quarks existed, but due to the temperature, most of it was destroyed, leaving a tiny fragment of matter. Quarks are the building blocks of protons and neutrons† (Singh, pg. 209). ... It was ultimately discovered ultimately discovered that this radiation exists and it was deemed the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB). Today it represents one of the frontier elements of astronomical research. While there are a number of contemporary theories that scientists work with in modern astronomy, there also exist numerous questions that remain on the frontier of astronomical investigation. Among these primary questions at the frontier of astronomy concern the origin of the stellar mass spectrum. Essentially this question investigates why within the observable universe mass is distributed evenly throughout the universe, regardless of the original conditions. In these regards, astronomers are attempting to research stars and planetary evolution to better determine these elements. Another central question of modern astronomy is the investigation into life in the Universe. In these regards, a large number of scientific investigations have gone into the development of t hese concerns. One of the primary current techniques is the search for water within our own solar system, most prominently on Mars. It’s believed that through locating this water source microbial life can then be detected. The other technique is through astronomical organizations such as SETI that investigate radio waves and cosmic signals from deep space in search of potential forms of intelligent life. Another frontier concern of astronomical investigation is the existence and form of dark matter and dark energy. Modern astronomical techniques as evidenced in String Theory have sought to develop means of investigating the existence of dark matter and dark energy.

Professional Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Professional Development - Essay Example The first step in the strategic plan is to secure membership as a member of the Society for Human Resources Management (SHRM), a world renowned organization dedicated to advancing knowledge of human resources, providing literature on managing people using contemporary leadership philosophy, and serving as an HR advocate for legal issues in business and coordinating efforts of HR policy makers (SHRM, 2013). As a student, this membership is only $35 annually, with the expenditure allowing the student to access modern HR research studies and having the ability to network with other international and domestic human resources leaders and practitioners. Through this networking, I will be able to exchange ideas and interact with reputable and competent HR professionals who will provide the knowledge necessary to become a more progressive HR leader and also stay up-to-date on advances in HR practice versus theory. Once securing the aforementioned membership with SHRM, I will begin reviewing qualitative and quantitative research data regarding how to properly motivate teams, build their long-term loyalty, and establish cohesive teams devoted to achieving strategic goals.

Explain the Different Layers of Osi Reference Model Essay Example for Free

Explain the Different Layers of Osi Reference Model Essay 1)Physical Layer: The physical layer is at the bottom of this model. It deals with crude data that is in the form of electrical signals. The data bits are sent as 0s and 1s. 0s correspond to low voltage signals and 1s correspond to high voltage signals. The mechanical aspects of communication, such as wires or connectors come under this layer. The physical layer also deals with how these wires, connectors, and voltage electrical signals work. Also, the process that is required for these physical aspects are taken into account in this layer itself. 2)The Data Link Layer: The transmission of the data over the communication medium is the responsibility of this layer. The 0s and 1s that are used in the communication are grouped into logical encapsulation. This encapsulation is called frames. The data is transported in frames. The responsibility of these frames is that of the data link layer. 3) Network Layer: All over the world, there are many different types of Ethernet. These networks are connected to each other through various media. When a data packet wants to reach a particular destination, it has to traverse through these networks. Essentially, there are a lot of operations that are taking place between the connected networks. Also, the packet data which is traversing has to choose an optimum route, and the addressing of these packets has to be proper. The various operations between the networks, packet data issues, addressing and routing, are handled by this network layer. 4)Transport Layer: The transport layer ensures quality and reliability of the communication. The data packet switching is entirely handled by the transport layer. There are basically two types of packet switching. They are connectionless packet switching and connection oriented packet switching. In connectionless packet switching, the packet data is allowed to choose the route in which it is going to reach the destination. Obviously, the packet in itself cant do this. Physical devices like routers are mainly responsible for the behavior of packets, but the packets formed from the same datum can reach their destination in different ways. Whereas, in connection oriented packet switching, once the route is decided, then all the packets have to follow the same route. An example of connectionless packet switching is text messages in mobile phones, and the example of connection oriented switching is a direct voice call. 5)The Sessions Layer: The session’s layer is mainly responsible for creating, maintaining and destroying the communication link. PDU (Protocol Data Unit), in which various protocols are defined that have to be followed during communication, are the responsibility of the sessions layer. The applications that use RPCs (remote procedure calls) are taken care of by the sessions layer. 6)Presentation Layer: There are various techniques of data compression which are used to send and receive the optimized data. For example, if certain data is repeating itself a number of times, then it is logical to send the data only once, and specify the number of times it is repeated. This bundling of the repeated data is one of the techniques of compressions. The compression and decompression of the data is handled by the presentation layer. Also, encryption and decryption techniques used to thwart malicious attacks on data are handled by the presentation layer. 7)Application Layer: This layer comes into picture when there is a process to process communication. Whenever a user invokes any application, all the associated processes are run. Many times, when an application wants to communicate with another application, then there has to be communication between these associated processes. The application layer is responsible for this inter-process communication.

AIDS :: AIDS Essays

AIDS Unprotected sex, dirty needles,pills!! Now that I have your attention, today I’ll be talking to you about the causes and effects on how you can contract this deadly virus. But first let me start by explaining what Aids/HIV really is and what it does to you once you have contracted the Aids virus. Aids/Aids lowers your immune systems ability to produce the white blood cells and antibodies that protect you from colds, infections, etc. Lowered immunity makes a person vulnerable to attacks from different types of viruses. Such as simple colds, fungi, bacteria may lead to infectious diseases and tumors. Eventually these illnesses may cause death. A simple cold can become deadly to a person who’s infected with the Aids virus. There are many ways you can contract this deadly virus. One is by drug use and the second is having unprotected sex. You can contract Aids by using someone else’s contaminated needle during drug use. If the needle your using is a dirty needle that someone else used and had Aids you easily contract Aids from them. Due to the blood that’s left in the needle or on the needle from the other person. The second way you can contract the Aids virus is by having unprotected sex or through oral sex. Infection of the virus can occur through anal or vaginal intercourse or oral genital sex with an infected partner. The virus is present in semen and vaginal secretions of an infected person. It enters your body through small tears that can develop in vaginal or rectal tissues during sexual activity. Unsafe sex not only pertains to adults but also to kids and teenagers of all ages. Its doesn’t matter how old or young you are, you can contract Aids at any age. There are many effects of this deadly virus. Aids causes sickness weakness of the body and in most cases death. The body gets weaker and isn’t be able to function properly because there aren’t enough white blood cells to fight the virus due to the Aids virus. Department of Health and Human Services report that over 1 million people between the ages of 20-39 will be infected wit Aids by the year 2000. The number of ages will drastically increase with deaths in all age groups reaching 70,000 per year. By the year 2005, 350 people a day will die from the virus. Many people believe that the medicines we have today can cure the Aids virus or stop it from spreading.

Difference between Issues and Problems

Some business managers mistakenly use the term â€Å"issue† and â€Å"problem† interchangeably; however, doing so may complicate the daily decision making processes by lumping all issues and problems together and possibly make a bad situation worse. Separating issues from problems helps to prevent smaller issues from becoming problems. This business practice is so important that there is an entire management discipline predictably called, â€Å"issue management† (IM). The Dow Jones says that â€Å"successful issue management depends on addressing concerns before they become full blown problems. 1Therefore, it is deduced that issues are smaller, less threatening and require minimal effort to find resolution – but left unchecked could expose the organization to greater risk. There is an analogy to help put this concept into proper perspective – â€Å"forgetting your lunch is an issue, but losing your job is a problem. 2 Therefore, the difference between an Issue and a problem can be explained this way, â€Å"Problems are solved. Issues need to be resolved†¦. To solve is to explain and to resolve is to separate a thing into its component parts or elements, then determine a course of action. †

Effective Customer Relationship Management System - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2252 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Essay any type Did you like this example? This assignment explores the need for customer relationship management systems. It begins by explaining how the organisational environment has changed and the pace of change is accelerating. It then considers how a better understanding the customer contributes to organisational success. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Effective Customer Relationship Management System" essay for you Create order Following this, it defines what is understood by CRM or customer relationship management, and finally it considers the importance of using technology effectively when designing a CRM system. The emergence of CRM is a response to a changing global environment, as Court (2004:4) observed twenty years ago, large companies used one of very few television channels to reach 80% of the US population, but the media explosion would require them to advertise across 20 channels to reach the same. Furthermore, brand loyalty is in decline, and product life cycles are shortening: customers are becoming more indifferent to marketing messages since customers, whether consumers or businesses, do not want more choices. They want exactly what they want, when, where and how they want it and technology now makes it possible for companies to give it to them (Pine et al, 1995:104). This belief forms the very basis of the purpose of CRM that customers have hidden or overt preferences that marketers can reveal by building a learning relationship (Mukerjee, 2007). Thus, it involves not only attempting to interpret the needs of customers based on their buying behaviour but predicting their future needs. However, there remains no universal definition of CRM some distinguish between customer relationship management and others argue the M refers to marketing (Gamble et al, 1999) and as a result, different approaches to CRM have been identified. A strategic approach is a core customer-centric business strategy which aims to win and keep profitable customers whereas an Operational approach focuses on the automation of customer-facing processes such as selling, marketing and customer service. A third approach is analytical in nature: focusing on the intelligent mining of customer-related data for strategic or tactical purposes and finally, a collaborative approach applies technology across organisational boundaries with a view to optimizing company, partner and customer value (Butt le, 2009). These different approaches when combined, however, do enable firms to explore their relationship with the customer in a more holistic way. Thus CRM is not merely a matter of database marketing, nor just a marketing process of segmenting the market and acquiring customers or any single IT initiative or loyalty scheme (Buttle, 2009). Firms must be driven by a desire to be more customer-centric if they want to compete effectively and thus, CRM can be thought of as a core business strategy that integrates internal processes and functions, and external networks, to create and deliver value to targeted customers at a profit. It is grounded on high quality customer-related data and enabled by information technology (ibid, 2009: Loc 852). A strategy is the long-term direction of an organisation and operates on three main levels. Firstly, it is concerned with the overall scope of an organisation and how to add value to the organisational as a whole, or the corporate-level. S econdly, at a business level: how the business should compete in their particular market. And thirdly, how the components of an organisation deliver effectively the corporate-level strategies in terms of resources, processes and people (Johnson et al, 2014:7). Therefore, a CRM approach must devise clear objectives to be achieved and which are measureable. Clearly one of those objectives is profit but clearly linked to this is sustainability. Mukerjee (2007) argues that this requires a firm to have four capabilities. The firm must have the technological capabilities to enable the desired functionality for the CRM practice. Secondly, its people must have the skills, abilities and attitudes responsible to generate CRM and implement initiatives. Thirdly, it must focus on the processes that the company has identified to enable the CRM initiatives to be fulfilled, including its transactional interactions with customers, and finally the firm must identify the right approaches to acquire the knowledge and insight into enhancing the customer value by developing stronger and deeper customer relationships with the right set of customers. Thus finding the right set of customers is the starting point for CRM. The IDIC model devised by Peppers and Rogers (1996) suggest firms must first identify who its customers are and build a deep understanding of them. Then, the firm must identify which customers have the most value now and which will offer the most for the future. Following this, the firm must interact will customers to ensure an understanding of customer expectations and their relationship with other suppliers or brands, and finally the firm must customise the offer and communications to ensure the expectations are met. The next step is building a relationship with the customer. Buttle (2009: Loc 1082) defines a relationship as distinct from a transaction: The latter is a one off, but the former is a more enduring social construct, but emphasises trust and com mitment. Thus a CRM system must continually strive for improved customer retention as well as recruiting new customers who have future profit potential. A useful tool for exploring this is customer portfolio management. A portfolio segments customers into mutually exclusive customer groups which are clustered on the basis of one or more strategically important variables. This allows for different groups to manage in different ways as it recognises differing needs, preferences, expectations, but also enables analysis of revenue and cost profiles. Clusters can by consumer type, e.g. other businesses (B2B) or ultimate consumer (B2C). And each sub-group can be further categorised, e.g. business type, or through psychological, geographical, demographical and behavioural clusters (Jackson, 2015). Then it is to appraise the value of such groups. It is a mistake to value according to revenue or volume since they take no account of the costs to win and keep the customer, it must be rel ated to profit (Ambler et al, 2004). Such comparisons can then be modelled on a bivariate grid, and then combined again, for example, attractiveness, or kept separate, and adding a third dimension (trivariate grid approach) for example, assessing against the company and network fit: the operational, marketing, technological, people and other competencies and liquidity a company has, or can develop, to exploit the segment (Buttle, 2009). Thus the portfolio approach provides a sense of focused decision-making that can take into account a number of variables and classifications and assist with forming the strategy of the organisation from a corporate prospective. It provide the vision of the organisation. It follows, then, that the business and operational CRM strategies can then focus on the how to implement CRM systems. This starts with determining priorities to determine the goals and objectives. Chan (2005) believes that in order to successfully build a customer-centric organ isation, all the organisational interactions with the target customers must be tracked whether it is at a primary stage, e.g. marketing, during the interaction, or following the interaction. One approach to this is Value Chain analysis. Porters (1985) Value Chain identifies nine ways that company create value, and classifies them as primary or secondary, as the diagram below demonstrates: Value is created by companies managing each component more efficiently and effectively, and in particular improving the co-ordination of these activities across the business. The competitive position is strengthened by understanding which of these are especially significant to customers, how rare and difficult to mimic these core competencies are, as well as any other factors which support the organisation in achieving its goals (Johnson et al, 2014). These other factors include understanding the role that the organisational stakeholders, including suppliers, customers, owners, partner s and employees contribute (Buttle 2009). He (ibid: Loc 9638) argues that the relationship between suppliers is particularly critical. The organisation, therefore, acts as a link between the suppliers and customers, and for the customer-centric organisation that relationship between the suppliers and customer must de-emphasise the short-term, opportunistic behaviours to maximise immediate profit but rather stress the long-term mutually beneficial gains. Furthermore, companies need to keep adding value to retain customers in order to sustain competitiveness, and potentially leap-frog rivals. There are several approaches that organisations can enhance customer value, for example, product and service innovation, finding complete solutions, lowering costs, using more efficient technology and removing pain points simplifying or removing those activities which a customer must endure to get the value (Mukerjee, 2007). Shaw and Ivens (2002) believe that it is the latter issue that is th e main focus for CRM: understanding the customer experience rather than just the customer. Firms can make use of a number of methods for investigating customer experience, including mystery shopping and experience mapping, a process to chart and improve what happens at every point the customer interacts with the organisation; process mapping (Buttle, 2009). Another approach is to study the customer activity cycle, which involves breaking down the process into basic elements and collecting data at each point in the cycle (Vandermerwe, 1993). Thus, CRM systems make use of sophisticated analytical tools, and these must be supported by CRM technologies. CRM technology must be able to meet a wide-range of functions, not just to capture data, but assist with assimilating that data into databases, which must be robust, scalable and secure (Mukerjee, 2007). Furthermore, such technologies must be accessible to all stakeholders, meaning they cannot be difficult to navigate or configure. They must also be able to operate across any communication channel and integrate with other systems to contribute to a single view of, and for, the customer (Buttle, 2009) who lists many well-known CRM solution providers, for example Oracle, SAP, salesforce. Com, Microsoft and E.piphany (ibid: Loc 8026). Therefore, when designing a CRM systems a thorough understanding of the interconnectivity of the customer, the suppliers, the technology, analytical tools and the firms strategy is required and needs to be constantly monitored, as the model below demonstrates: Adapted from: Buttle (2009: Loc 2863) Earlier in this assignment, finding the right set of customers was suggested as the starting point for CRM system design, and thus it is appropriate to return to this in order to stress the importance of the cyclical and interconnectedness of CRM when designing a system. The activity of finding the right set of customers means right now and in the future in order to devise an appropriate strategy, and do so profitably. This process is known as data mining. Buttle (2009) defines data mining as the application of descriptive and predictive analysis to support the marketing, sales and service functions. Data mining provides answers to questions that are at the heart of CRM and therefore when designing a system, it is important to understand that CRM is a holistic approach. Another key consideration when designing a CRM system is that it should assist the organisation in its quest to keep abreast of and prepare for changes in current trends. Traditional marketing methods have been challenged in recent years by changing social trends, the reduction of governmental controls, rising income levels, threats from rivals, an increasingly sophisticated customer who has greater access to information (Mukerjee, 2007). All of this, has contributed to the shortening product life cycle, which as substantially increased the pressure on firms to not just acquire custom ers but retain them. Any system that is designed must also be implemented. Narver et al (1998) state that customer orientation is a type of organisational culture, therefore before embarking in CRM, the organisational culture must be ready and able to fulfil the CRM objectives. The organisation, or rather the people within it, must be able to respond quickly, and the company able to support, train and hire people with the necessary attitude, skills and abilities in order for them to contribute to CRM. Furthermore, the company may have to radically reconstruction its entire systems, particularly the structural design of the organisation in order to change the culture from resistant to embracing change. This assignment has explored the notion that CRM is a holistic approach which assists the organisation in not just responding to its environment but to also compete against rivals. Customer relationship management cannot deliver its promised benefits without appropriate customer- related data, which in turn must be analysed using a wide-range of tools in order to meet the strategic, operational, analytical and collaborative CRM purposes. To design a CRM system means putting the customer at the heart of the organisation and adapting and sustainably exploiting all the resources available in order to meet their needs. References Ambler, T., Kokkinaki, F. and Puntoni, S (2004) Assessing marketing performance: reason for metrics selection, Journal of Marketing Management, Vol. 20, p 475 98. Buttle, F. (2009) Customer Relationship Management, Abdingdon:Routledge. Chan, J.O. 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